Zidovudine Chloramphenicol

Zidovudine is a synthetic nucleoside analog that blocks replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by inhibiting reverse transcriptase. The primary indication for zidovudine administration in newborns is the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV. Like chloramphenicol, zidovudine is eliminated in adults primarily by glucuronide conjugation, suggesting that newborns may have a reduced capacity to eliminate zidovudine. However, unlike... 

Rifampin is known to induce the hepatic microsomal enzymes that metabolize various drugs such as acetaminophen, oral anticoagulants, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, beta blockers, chloramphenicol, clofibrate, oral contraceptives, corticosteroids, cyclosporine, disopyramide, estrogens, hydantoins, mexiletine, quinidine, sulfones, sulfonylureas, theophyllines, tocainide, verapamil, digoxin, enalapril, morphine, nifedipine, ondansetron, progestins, protease inhibitors, buspirone, delavirdine, doxycycline, fluoroquinolones, losartan, macrolides, sulfonylureas, tacrolimus, thyroid hormones, TCAs, zolpidem, zidovudine, and ketoconazole. The therapeutic effects of these drugs may be decreased. 

CHLORAMPHENICOL ANTIVIRALS-ST AVUDINE, ZIDOVUDINE Possible t adverse effects when coadministered with stavudine or zidovudine Uncertain Use an alternative antibiotic if possible otherwise monitor closely for peripheral neuropathy and check FBC regularly... 

R-Oxazepam, naproxen, menthol, AZT (zidovudine), abacavir, acetaminophen, almokalant, carvedilol, chloramphenicol, epirubicin, I -hydroxy estragole, 5-hydroxy rofecoxib, lorazepam, menthol, 4-methylumbelliferone, 1-naphthol (low), 4-nitrophenol, octylgallate, propranolol, temazepam, maxipost... 

In vitro evidence suggests that chloramphenicol, indometacin and naproxen inhibit the glucuronidation of zidovudine. However, neither indometacin nor naproxen altered zidovudine pharmacokinetics in subsequent clinical studies. Dipyridamole did not alter zidovudine pharmacokinetics. 

An in vitro study using human liver microsomes found that chloramphenicol inhibited the glucuronidation of zidovudine by 50% or more, suggesting that the effects and toxicity of zidovudine may be increased. The effect of concurrent use in patients awaits assessment. 

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