Chitosan versatility

One of the most intriguing features of chitosan is the presence of abundant reactive amine and hydroxyl groups on its backbone. The functionality of the biopolymer, due to the two hydroxyl groups (C3 and C6 positions) and an amine group (C2 position) of each repeating unit, makes chitosan versatile for chemical modification. The preparation of various types of chitosan derivatives via chemical modifications has been thoroughly reviewed in the literature [22,23]. 

N.K. Mathur, and C.K. Narang, Chitin and chitosan, versatile polysaccharides from marine cuiimals, /. Chem. Educ., 67,938-42,1990. 

Chitosan, the most abundant marine mucopolysaccharide, is derived from chitin by alkaline deacetylation, and possesses versatile biological properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and a non-toxic nature. Due to these characteristics, considerable attention has been given to its industrial applications in the food, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and environmental industries. Currently, chitosan can be considered as a potential marine nutraceutical because its remarkable biological activities have been investigated and reported, in order to exploit its nutraceutical... 

CHITOSAN A VERSATILE BIOPOLYMER FOR SEPARATION, PURIFICATION, AND CONCENTRATION OF METAL IONS Katsutoshi Inoue and Yoshinari Baba... 

Tablets are still considered as the dosage forms of choice for reasons such as low manufacturing cost and good stability. Many direct compression dilutents have been reported,but every dilutent has some disadvantages [295]. Crystalline cellulose (MCC) has been widely used as a tablet dilutent in Japan. Chitin and chitosan, on account of their versatility, were reported to be useful dilutents for pharmaceutical preparations [296-298].

Di Martino A, Sittinger M, Risbud MV (2005) Chitosan a versatile biopolymer for orthopaedic tissue-engineering. Biomaterials 26(30) 5983-5990... 

M. G. Sandros, M. Behrendt, D. Maysinger, and M. Tabrizian, InGaP-ZnS-Enriched chitosan nanoparticles A versatile fluoreseent probe for deep-tissue imaging, Adv. Funct. Mater., 17 (2007) 3724—3730. 

Di Martino, A., Sittinger, M., Risbud, M. V. Chitosan A versatile biopolymer for orthopaedic tissue engineering. Biomaterials. 2005, 26, 5983—5990. 

Dash, M. Chiellini, F. Ottenbrite, R.M. Chiellini, E. Chitosan—A versatile semi-synthetic polymer in biomedical applications. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2011,36 (8), 981-1014. 

Polysaccharides are among the most versatile polymers because of their vast structural diversity and nontoxicity. Among polysaccharides, chitosan, alginate, pectin, hylauronic acid, and dextran have received much attention. Protein-based polymers such as albumin, casein, and gelatin have also been investigated for oral peptide delivery. 

Chitosan is a second abundant heteropolysaccharide composed of /3-[l-4]-2-deoxy-2-amino and -2-acetamino D-glucopyranose units [31]. Chitosan is the partial deacetylated (involving alkaline hydrolysis] product of chitin. Chltln is the main component of outer skeleton of small insects, cuticles, and the shells of shrimp, crab, lobster, etc. Chitosan has been expansively investigated in the pharmaceutical industries for the development of various sustained and controlled release drug delivery systems due to its versatile biological activity [as food and non-food items] and excellent biocompatibility. Hirano [22] conducted an experiment with both healthy and infected skin and found the LD50 in case of orally administered mouse to be [>16 g/kg]. Wu et al. [76] worked on... 

Wang, Y., Li, R, and Kong, L. (2013). Chitosan-modified PLGA nanoparticles with versatile surfece for improved drug delivery, AAPS PharmSciTech, 14(2), 585-592. 

The chitosan receives a widespread utilization in pharmaceutical, medical, biotechnology, cosmetics, food, agriculture, paper, and textile Industries due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, nontoxicity, and versatile chemical and physical properties (Rinaudo, 2008 Dodane and Vilivalam, 1998 Mourya and Inamdar, 2008 Jayakumar et al., 2007 Hirano, 1999 Dash et al., 2011 Prabaharan, 2008 Ilium, 1998). 

Chitosan is a versatile polycationic biopolymer derived from alkaline deacetylation of chitin. It exhibits several valuable inherent properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antacidity, chelation, non-toxicity, and biodegradability as well as properties such as film formation. Further, due to its possession of hydroxyl and amino functional groups, chitosan can be fabricated to tailor... 

Kubota, N. and Kikuchi, Y. (1998) Macromolecular complexes of chitosan, in Po/yxacchandes.Strac/Mra/ Diversity and Functional Versatility (ed. S. Dumitriu), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 595-628. 

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