Chitosan tripolyphosphate

A simple example of gel formation is provided by chitosan tripolyphosphate and chitosan polyphosphate gel beads the pH-responsive swelling abihty, drug-release characteristics, and morphology of the gel bead depend on polyelectrolyte complexation mechanism and the molecular weight. The chitosan beads gelled in pentasodium tripolyphosphate or polyphosphoric acid solution by ionotropic cross-hnking or interpolymer complexation, respectively. 

However, it is not mandatory to prepare an emulsion in fact. Pan et al. [99] reported the identification of the formation conditions of the chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles, in terms of concentrations of chitosan and tripolyphosphate. They simply used a chitosan solution at pH 4 (4 ml, con-... 

Chitosan Tripolyphosphate/ Dextran Dextran adjusts the viscosity. 10... 

Csaba N, Koping-Hoggard M et al (2009) lonically crosslinked chitosan/tripolyphosphate nanoparticles for ohgonucleotide and plasmid DNA delivery. Int J Pharm 382 205-214... 

Lee, S-T., Mi, F-L., Shen, Y-J. et al. (1998) The copper (11) uptake by chitosan-tripolyphosphate chelating resin and related kinetic studies, in Advances in Chitin Science, vol. 3 (eds R.H. Chen and H.C. Chen), National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan, pp. 475-480. 

To address tMs issue, EGCG was encapsulated in chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (CS NPs) and it was found that CS NPs may be a useful approach for enhancing oral delivery, and therapeutic application, of EGCG in a number of disease conditions [323],... 

Du WL, Niu SS, Xu YL, Xu ZR, Fan CL. Antibacteritd activity of chitosan tripolyphosphate nanoparticles loaded with various metal ions. Carbohydr Polym. 2009 75(3) 385-9. 

Moura MR, Aouada FA, Avena-BustiUos RJ, McHugh TH, Krochta JM, Luiz HC. Improved barrier and mechanical properties of novel hydroxypropyl methylceUulose edible films with chitosan/tripolyphosphate nanoparticles. J Food Eng. 2009 92(4) 448—53. 

Tripathy S, Das S, Chakraboity SP, Sahu SK, Pramanik P, Roy S. Synthesis, characterization of chitosan-tripolyphosphate conjugated chloroquine nanoparticle and its in vivo anti-malarial efficacy against rodent parasite A dose and duration dependent approach. Int J Pharm. 2012 434(l-2) 292-305. 

Mi, F. L., Shyu, S. S., Lee, S. T., and Wong, T. B. (1999a). Kinetic study of chitosan-tripolyphos-phate complex reaction and acid-resistive properties of the chitosan-tripolyphosphate gel beads prepared by in-liquid curing method. J. Polym. Set B Polym. Phys. 37(14), 1551-1564. 

Ngah, W. S. W. and Fatinathan, S. (2010). Adsorption characterization of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions onto chitosan-tripolyphosphate beads Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies./ of Environmental Management 91(4), 958-969. 

C5 ras VP, Manfredi LB, Ton-That M-T, Vazquez A (2008) Physical and mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch/montmorillonite nanocomposite films. Carbohydr Polym 73 55-63 de Morals Teixeira E, Correa A, Manzoli A, de Lima Leite F, de Oliveira C, Mattoso L (2010) Cellulose nanofibers from white and naturally colored cotton fibers. Cellulose 17 595-606 de Moura MR, Aouada FA, Avena-Bustillos RJ, McHugh TH, Krochta JM, Mattoso LHC (2009) Improved barrier and mechanical properties of novel hydrox5q)ropyl methylcellulose edible films with chitosan/tripolyphosphate nanoparticles. J Food Eng 92 448—453 Dean K, Yu L, Wu DY (2007) Preparation and characterization of melt-extruded thermoplastic starch/clay nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 67 413 21 Duanmu J, Gamstedt EK, Rosling A (2007) Hygromechanical properties of composites of crosslinked allylglycidyl-ether modified starch reinforced by wood fibres. Compos Sci Technol 67 3090-3097... 

Sureshkumar, M.K., Das, D., Mallia, M.B. Gupta, PC. (2010) Adsorption of uranium from aqueous solution using chitosan-tripolyphosphate (CTPP) beads. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 184, 65 72. 

Chitosan-based bionanocomposites with improved properties, namely barrier and mechanical properties, were also prepared by Moura et al. [200] who added chitosan/tripolyphosphate (CS-TPP) nanoparticles to hydroxypropyl methylceUu-lose (HPMC) edible films (Figure 11.14). Samples were characterized by FTIR, TEM, SEM, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal stability. The authors reported that the incorporation of chitosan nanoparticles into the films improved their mechanical and film barrier properties significantly. This behavior was attributed to the chitosan nanoparticles that tend to occupy the empty spaces in the pores of the HPMC matrix, increasing the collapse of the pores and thereby improving film tensile properties and WVP. 

Figure 11.14 TEM microphotography of chitosan/tripolyphosphate (CS-TPP) nanoparticles used in the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) bionanocomposites [200].

---