Chitosan-phosphate derivatives

Typical derivatives of chitin (1) and chitosan (2) [67] alkali-chitin (3), O-acylchitin (4), O-carboxymethylchitin (5), O-hydroxyethylchitin (6), chitin O-sulphate (7), chitin O-phosphate (8), chitosan salt (9), /V-acylchitosan (10), /V-carboxymethylchitosan (11), trialkylammonium salt (12)... 

Mineral Salts Immunostimulatory adjuvants Lipid particles Particulate adjuvants Mucosal adjuvants Aluminium hydroxide, aluminium phosphate, calcium phosphate Saponins (e.g., QS21), MDP derivatives, bacterial DNA (CpG oligos), LPS, MPL and synthetic derivatives, lipopeptides, cytokines (e.g., GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-12) Liposomes, virosomes, iscoms, cochleates, emulsions (e.g., Freunds adjuvant, SAF, MF59 ) Poloxamer particles, virus-like particles, PLG microparticles Cholera toxin (CT), mutant toxin (e.g., LTK63, LTR72), heat labile enterotoxin (LT), microparticles, polymerized liposomes, chitosan... 

Chitin/calcium phosphate complexes can form the basis of artificial bone and dental materials [40] and phosphated chitosan derivatives have been patented as detergent builders [41]. A protonconducting biopolymer has been obtained from chitin phosphate and imidazole [42]. 

Y.M., Park, Y.J., Lee, S.J., Ku, Y, Han, S.B., Klokkevold, P.R., Chung, C.P., 2000. The bone regenerative effect of platelet-derived growth factor-BB delivered with a chitosan/ tricalcium phosphate sponge carrier. Journal of Periodontology 71, 418-424. 

Nguyen, T., et al., 2014. Enzyme-mediated in situ preparation of biocompatible hydrogel composites from chitosan derivative and biphasic calcium phosphate nanoparticles for bone regeneration. Adv. Nat. Sci. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 5 (1), 015012. Available at http //m. iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2043-6262/5/l/015012/pdf (accessed 05.01.16). 

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