Chilling-sensitive plants

Arrhenius plots have been used to identify processes that change markedly over the range of temperatures that injure chilling-sensitive plants,... 

Chloroplasts are the first and the most severely affected organelles by chill [32]. The thylakoids swell and distort, starch granules disappear, and a peripheral reticulum appears. Chilling also leads to cytoplasmic acidification in chill-sensitive plants [38]. As the temperature drops below 0°C, the difference in concentration between intracellular (symplast) and extracellular fluids... 

Kawamura Y. Chilling induces a decrease in pyrophosphate-dependent H+-accumu-lation associated with a ApHvac-stat in mung bean, a chill-sensitive plant. Plant, Cell Environment 2008 31(3) 288-300. 

They suggested that demethylation of the pectin by pectinmethyl-esterase resulted in a more rigid cell wall structure, and that this deesterification may be a common characteristic of chilling-sensitive plants ( ). ... 

Chilling sensitive plants like tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum L. ) are damaged by sudden exposure to suboptimal temperature. However, a gradual change of growth conditions enables plants to adapt to less favourable circumstances and maintain growth. The ability to perform an adaptation differs between species and even between cultivars. 

CONCENTRATION OF LONG-CHAIN ACYL-(ACYL-CARRIER PROTEIN) IN MESOPHYL CHLOROPLASTS FROM THE CHILLING-SENSITIVE PLANT AMARANTHUS LIVIDUS L... 

Roughan, P. G, (1986), Acyl lipid synthesis by chloroplasts isolated from the chilling-sensitive plant Amaranthus lividus L. Biochim. 

Fig. 1. Two pathways proposed for biosynthesis of the PG molecular species in the chloroplast of chilling-resistant and chilling-sensitive plants. Pathway A is dominant in the chilling-resistant plants, whereas both pathways A and B are of comparable activity in the chilling-sensitive plants. P, phosphate PG, glycerophosphate.

Kenrick, J.R. and Bishop, D.G. (1986) The fatty acid composition of phosphatidylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol of higher plants in relation to chilling sensitivity. Plant Physiol. 81, 946-949... 

The acyl transferase isolated from pea (40.5 kDa, pi 6.6) was shown to be selective for oleic acid (ACP or CoA thioesters).This protein differed from the acyl transferases isolated by Nishida "et al." (1987) and Frentzen "et al." (1987), from a chilling sensitive plant (squash) by both pi,molecular mass and enzymatic properties (absence of selectivity for oleic acid) in addition, the pea acyl transferase was sensitive to NaCl and oleic acid (data not shown). 

Frentzen, M , Nishida, I. and Murata, N. (1987) Properties of the plastidial acyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) glycerol-3-phosphate acyl transferase from the chilling-sensitive plant squash (Cucurbita moschata). Plant Cell Physiol. 28, 1195-1201. 

A decisive step in the understanding of the lipid contribution to chilling-sensitivity of plants was later realized by Murata (10) when this author showed (by fluorescence polarization measurements) that the phosphatidylglycerols from chilling-sensitive plants, but no other lipids, contained large proportions of "saturated" molecular species which undergo phase transition at room temperature or above. Since a major part of... 

A logical extension which emerges from a consideration of Murata s hypothesis is that Alls from chilling sensitive chloroplasts should be less selective in their preference for 18 1-ACP, but not to the extent that they actually display a selectivity for 16 0-ACP. This conclusion is reached from the realization that while di-saturated species of PG are present in higher proportions in chilling sensitive plants than in chilling resistant plants, no plant species much exceeds the value of 75%. This maximum in di-satu rated molecular species describes an ATI which is neutral in its acyl substrate selectivity. These expectations are fulfilled. 

The phosphatidylglycerols (PC), but no other lipid classes, from the chilling-sensitive plants, contain a large proportion of saturated molecular species, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-PG and sn-1-palmitoyl-2-(trans-3)hexadecenoy1-PG, which undergo a thermotrophic phase transition at the room temperature range or above (Murata et al. 1982 Murata 1983 Murata and Yamaya 1984). 

The aim of this study was to determine the relative content of PG molecular species in cotyledons from squash, a chilling-sensitive plant, which was grown under various temperature and light conditions. 

Orr GR, Raison JK. Compositional and thermal properties of thylakoid polar lipids of Nerium oleander L. in relation to chilling sensitivity. Plant Physiol 1987 84 88-92. 

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