Chemorheological techniques

Testing procedures in the measurement of the chemorheology of thermosetting resins usually incorporate the following techniques  

Each of these techniques will be discussed in detail below. 

Cup flow BS2782-86 Method 720 B Slow-curing thermosets Measure time to fill Set closing speed, force, amount of flash and temperature 

Spiral flow ASTM D3123-83 Measure length of flow along spiral die at end of test Set pressure and temperature from transfer press 

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Colodny, P.C. (1984) Degradation studies of polybutadiene type propellant binders by chemorheological techniques. Proc. 15th Inti Ann. Conf. ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, June 27-29,1984, pp. 

This review of chemorheological techniques highlights the numerous possibilities for monitoring chemoviscosity and gel-point measurements. Determination of the appropriate techniques must be based on the following considerations ... 

The selection of the optimum chemorheological techniques can then be used to influence the choice of rheometer for chemorheological measurements. Final selection of the rheometer design must be determined by the considerations given in the previous section, as well as the following ... 

Chapters 3 and 4 presented chemical, physical and chemorheological techniques useful for characterizing various reactive polymer systems. This chapter will now focus on a review of chemorheological analyses for a variety of polymer systems, including detailed experimental findings and chemorheological modeling. 

The aim of this book is not to discuss each of these reactive modification techniques in detail, but rather to show how chemorheology can be a useful tool from fundamental understandings to understanding processing, process control and optimization. 

Since this book is focussed on chemorheological processes, we will focus on rapid prototyping and manufacturing processes that include reactive processing (mther than the rapid-prototyping techniques involving only physical transformations, i.e. sintering of metals, ceramics or thermoplastics). 

In the 1970s and 1980s, considerable amounts of effort were spent on investigating the chemorheology of thermosets. There are many experimental techniques that have been used to investigate the cure kinetics of thermosets differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dielectric measurements, and rheokinetic measurements. There are monographs (Kock 1977 May 1983 Turi 1981) and a comprehensive review article (Halley and Mackay 1996) on the subject. 

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