Chemo-orientation in Walking Insects

The first attempt to treat animal orientation in mechanistic terms was published by Loeb (1918). This was followed in 1919 by Kuhn s comprehensive frame- work of animal orientation, and then much later by the compilation of Fraenkel and Gunn (1940). The following definitions of orientation mechanisms ar from Ktihn (1919) and Fraenkel and Gunn (1940). 

Orthokinesis Speed or frequency of locomotion is dependent on the intensitjrof stimulation. 

Klinokinesis Responses in which the rate of random turning, or angular velocity, depends on the intensity of stimulation. 

Klinotaxis Directed orientation made possible by means of regular deviations and 

Chemical Ecology of Insects. Edited by William J. Bell and Ring T. Card6 1984 Chapman and Hall Ltd. 

---

Chemo-orientation in Walking Insects 95 Table 4.1 Types of external chemosensory information... 

This chapter follows analyses of odor dispersal (Elkinton and Card6, Chapter 3) and chemo-orientation in walking insects (Bell, Chapter 4) and refers to the definitions and concepts discussed therein. Important reviews of flying orientation to chemical sources include those of Farkas and Shorey (1974), Kennedy (1977, 1982), Kennedy et al. (1981), Bell and Tobin (1982), and the discussion of the concepts of attraction and arrestment by Kennedy (1978). 

---