Chemical warfare agents 170 effects

The majority of these materials are first generation chemical warfare agents employed in World War I. They are moderately difficult to synthesize and can be difficult to disperse effectively. For information on some of the chemicals used to manufacture arsenic vesicants, see the Component section (C04-C) following information on the individual agents. 

Urticants can penetrate garments and rubber much faster than other chemical warfare agents. Structural firefighters protective clothing is recommended for fire situations only it is not effective in spill situations or release events and should never be used as the primary chemical protective garment to enter an area contaminated with urticants. 

The Chemical Incident Simulator simulates the dispersion of chemical warfare agents, detector responses, the effects of protective equipment, and die human toxicological responses for large numbers of scenarios. The possibilities and potentials offered by the Chemical Incident Simulator are illustrated best with an example. 

Mustard gas (H)—also known as yellow cross, yperite, sulfur mustard, Schwefellost, bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, and dichlor-diethylsulfide—is a chemical-warfare agent with both vesicant and systemic effects. H is colorless and almost odorless and is an oily liquid at 14-215°C with a molecular weight of 159.08. Except in extremely cold weather, the low vapor pressure (0.072 mm Hg at 20°C) and low volatility of H are sufficient to make contaminated surfaces a source of danger to anyone nearby. H is slightly soluble... 

Scherling SS, Blondis RR. 1946. The effect of chemical warfare agents on the human eye. Military Surgeon 96 70-78. 

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