Chemical reactions single displacement

Sigma (a) bonds Sigma bonds have the orbital overlap on a line drawn between the two nuclei, simple cubic unit cell The simple cubic unit cell has particles located at the corners of a simple cube, single displacement (replacement) reactions Single displacement reactions are reactions in which atoms of an element replace the atoms of another element in a compound, solid A solid is a state of matter that has both a definite shape and a definite volume, solubility product constant (/ p) The solubility product constant is the equilibrium constant associated with sparingly soluble salts and is the product of the ionic concentrations, each one raised to the power of the coefficient in the balanced chemical equation, solute The solute is the component of the solution that is there in smallest amount, solution A solution is defined as a homogeneous mixture composed of solvent and one or more solutes. 

You already know that some metals are more reactive than others. You may also have carried out an investigation on the metal activity series in a previous course. In Investigation 10-A, located on page 470, you will discover how this series is related to oxidation and reduction. You will write chemical equations, ionic equations, and half-reactions for the single displacement reactions of several metals. 

Predict whether each of the following single displacement reactions will occur. If so, write a balanced chemical equation, a balanced net ionic equation, and two balanced half-reactions. Include the physical states of the reactants and products in each case. 

You have seen that the single displacement reaction of zinc with copper(II) sulfate is a redox reaction, represented by the following chemical equation and net ionic equation. 

The purines and pyrimidines are relatively stable compounds with considerable aromatic character. Nevertheless, they react with many different reagents and, under some relatively mild conditions, can be completely degraded to smaller molecules. The chemistry of these reactions is complex and is made more so by the fact that a reaction at one site on the ring may enhance the reactivity at other sites. The reactions of nucleic acids are largely the same as those of the individual nucleosides or nucleotides, the rates of reaction are often influenced by the position in the polynucleotide chain and by whether the nucleic acid is single or double stranded. The reactions of nucleosides and nucleotides are best understood in terms of the electronic properties of the various positions in the bases.26 33 Most of the chemical reactions are nucleophilic addition or displacement reactions of types that are discussed in Chapters 12 and 13. 

Many metals, such as zinc, iron, lead, copper, and aluminum are found chemically bonded to oxygen in nature. Sometimes, chemists can use single displacement reactions to get the pure metal. 

Single displacement reaction A chemical reaction in which an element replaces one ion in a compound. It has the general formula A + By - Ay + B. 

Q Displacement reactions (single-replacement reactions)—chemical reactions in which atoms of one element replace the atoms of a second element in a compound... 

These reactions are part of a larger category of reactions known as redox reactions (redox is short for oxidation-reduction). Sometimes these are called displacement reactions. These are chemical reactions in which atoms of one element replace the atoms of a second element in a compound. A general equation for a single-replacement reaction involving a metal (A), replacing a metallic cation in solution (B) is ... 

Each of the following incomplete equations represents a single displacement reaction. Copy each equation into your notebook, and write the products. Balance each chemical equation. When in doubt, use the most common valence. 

Using the activity series, write a balanced chemical equation for each single displacement reaction. If you predict that there will be no reaction, write NR. ... 

In sections 4.2 and 4.3, you have examined five different types of chemical reactions synthesis, decomposition, combustion, single displacement, and double displacement. Equipped with this knowledge, you can examine a set of reactants and predict what type of reaction will occur and what products will be formed. The Concept Organizer above provides a summary of the types of chemical reactions. 

Classify each reaction as synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, or combustion. Also, balance each chemical equation. 

Although each pair of reactions is chemically matched their reaction mechanisms are quite different. The first member of each pair, 21 and 23, follow sequential kinetic pathways involving ternary complexes and inversion of configuration [88,89]. They seem to proceed by single displacement mechanisms. Their chemically matched... 

Objective 7 Now let s consider another type of chemical reaction. In single-displacement reactions, atoms of one element in a compound are displaced (or replaced) hy atoms from a pure element. These reactions are also called single-replacement reactions. 7U1 of the following are single-displacement reactions. 

The following equations represent reactions used by the U.S. chemical industry. Classify each with respect to the following categories combination reaction, decomposition reaction, and single-displacement reaction. 

Phosphotransferases and nucleotidyltransferases were last reviewed in this series 15 years ago in Volumes VIII and IX. At that time a major mechanistic question was whether these enzymes catalyze their reactions by single-displacement or double-displacement mechanisms. The two mechanisms differed chemically with respect to whether the phosphoryl or nucleotidyl group is transferred directly between two substrates, or whether the group transfer is mediated by a nucleophilic group of the enzyme in a two-step mechanism via a covalent phos-phoenzyme or nucleotidyl-enzyme. 

The chemical reaction then takes place to form a product-containing ternary complex, from which the products dissociate in reverse order, that is, with the nucleotide product dissociating last. This pathway is clearly established by the results of steady-state kinetic analyses carried out in several laboratories. The reaction proceeds with inversion of configuration at P of the nucleotide substrate in both reaction directions, as shown in Eq. (5) (9, 10). Therefore, the interconversion of ternary complexes proceeds in an uneven number of displacement steps. In the absence of any other evidence for the involvement of nucleophilic catalysis by the enzyme, it is almost certain that the UMP transfer occurs in a single displacement between bound substrates. 

Acetyl-CoA synthetase from mammalian tissues and yeast catalyzes the reaction of acetate with ATP and CoA to form acetyl-CoA by a chemical mechanism similar to that of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. The catalytic pathway is similar to that of reactions (29a) and (29b), substituting acetate for the amino acid and CoA for tRNA (93). The activation of acetate via the intermediate acetyl adenylate also occurs with inversion of configuration at P of ATP (94). Thus, as for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, acetyl-CoA synthetase appears to catalyze the activation of acetate by a single-displacement mechanism. 

To descrihe the surface state we have to take into consideration the vertical and lateral diffusion needed to establish the same equilibrium chemical potential of single adsorbed and associated molecules (clusters) at liquid interfaces. We can therefore describe chemical reactions and surface chemical processes by the same thermodynamic formalism, including entropy production, fluxes, forces and affinities and their deviation to the coordinate of displacement. 

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