Chemical Reactions of EMFs An Overview

Chemical modifications on EMFs are very useful for disclosing the structures and properties of EMFs, and more importantly, for generating useful materials based on EMFs. This is because different functional groups can be attached to the fullerene cages so that the solubility, stability, and physicochemical properties of pristine EMFs can be tuned precisely. 

A general description of the reported results for EMFs is given below, according to the type of reactions instead of the class of EMFs, because such a classification is understood better. Some pronounced results, which are characteristic of EMFs will be addressed separately in greater detail. 

Reactions between azomethine ylides and TNT EMFs have also been reported, and the effect of the size of the encapsulated clusters on the reactivity and selectivity of the cage carbons was observed. Addition of N-ethyl azomethine ylide to Y3N Cso affords exclusively 

The [4-1-2] cycloaddition of metallofullerenes, known as the Diels-Alder reaction, was first achieved on Sc3N Cso with C-labeled 6,7-dimethoxyisochroman-3-one, which forms an o-quinone under heating. The addition sites occurred at a [5,6]-bond, as confirmed by both NMR and single-crystallographic results [143]. The same reaction was also performed on Gd3N C8o and a bis-adduct was isolated, but no structural information was reported [144]. 

Benzyne, generated by the diazotization of anthranilic acid with isoamyl nitrite, is added to Gd Cs2 forming two isolable isomers of mono-adducts. Electrochemical measurements disclosed that the electronic structure of pristine Gd Cs2 has changed dramatically. Because of the high reactivity of benzyne, multiple adducts are not avoidable, even at lower temperatures [146]. 

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