Chemical distribution systems decontamination

Different procedures have been reported for decontamination of chemical distribution systems. One such method described a 0.49% by weight aqueous hydrofluoric acid solution that had been successfully tested for the (purity) qualification of a chemical distribution system comprised of PFA tubing and other components.F Both ion removal and particle count can be efficiently accomplished by 48-hour static extraction with the acid solution followed by six hours of water flush. 

Because of interference from the radioactive decay of other nuclides (which are typically formed with much higher yields), extraction systems with relatively high decontamination factors from actinides, Bi, and Po must be chosen, and the transactinide activity can only be measured in the selectively extracting organic phase. For this reason, measurement of distribution coefficients is somewhat difficult. By comparing the Rf or Db detection rate under a certain set of chemical conditions to the rate observed under chemical control conditions known to give near 100% yield, distribution coefficients between about 0.2 and 5 can be determined. If the control experiments are performed nearly concurrently, many systematic errors, such as gas-jet efficiency and experimenter technique, are cancelled out. Additionally, extraction systems which come to equilibrium in the 5-10 second phase contact time must be chosen. 

When dealing with large populations of injured, you need to have an effective public address system so that your instructions can be heard by aU. In a chemical event, clear lanes that separate hot, warm, and cold decontamination zones are imperative. This needs to be appropriately staffed and equipped. The faster the victims can be separated from the contaminant, the better off they will be. Each victim needs to first be approached with rescuer safety and victim decontamination in mind, along with the Advanced Life Support ABCDEs for cardiac, trauma, and hazardous materials. If a toxidrome is found where an antidote exists, this should be started immediately when possible. After the victim is clean, then a secondary survey exam needs to be performed to look for the severity and distribution of injury with continuing care as appropriate. 

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