Chemical Bonding and Structure

Which spatial arrangement of atoms results in a stable or metastable structure depends decisively on the distribution of their electrons. 

For all other elements the electronic configuration of a single atom does not correspond to a thermodynamically stable state at normal conditions. Only at very high temperatures do single atoms occur in the vapor phase. At more ordinary temperatures atoms have to be linked to produce stable structures. 

In a nonpolymer molecule or molecular ion a limited number of atoms are linked by covalent bonds. The covalent forces within the molecule are considerably stronger than 

Inorganic Structural Chemistry, Second Edition Ulrich Miiller 2006 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 

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Lewis s interest in chemical bonding and structure dated from 1902. In attempting to explain "valence" to a class at Harvard, he devised an atomic model to rationalize the octet rule. His model was deficient in many respects for one thing, Lewis visualized cubic atoms with electrons located at the corners. Perhaps this explains why his ideas of atomic structure were not published until 1916. In that year, Lewis conceived of the... 

L. Pauling, The Nature of the Chemical Bond, and Structure of Molecules and Crystals, IBH Publishers, Oxford, 1960. 

DeKock, R. L., and Gray, H. B. (1980). Chemical Bonding and Structure. Benjamin-Cummings, Menlo Park, CA. One of the best introductions to bonding concepts available. 

In this chapter we will not attempt to give an overview of all of the knowledge on the reactivity of chalcogen-donor molecules towards di- and inter-halogens, since some aspects of this are discussed in other chapters. Instead, this chapter is dedicated exclusively to the analysis of the chemical bond and structural features of C.-T. adducts between LE chalcogen-donor molecules (E = S, Se) and di- and inter-halogens, and their reactivity towards metal powders. 

The relationship between electronic conductivity, chemical bonding, and structure in oxides is given by ... 

Answer each of the following with respect to chemical bonding and structure. 

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