Chemical and instrumental analysis

Staff, Spectrometry Branch, Chemical and Instrumental Analysis Division, U.S. DOE PERC/RI-77/14, 1977 p. 23. 

The testing methods are divided into two groups physical methods and chemical and instrumental analysis. Within the group, the testing methods are discussed in alphabetic order according to the same pattern. 

The chemical composition, including ionic character of the component monomers, can be determined using various standard chemical and instrumental analysis procedures such as GC-pyrolysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis techniques. 

Dr. Reineccius teaches courses in Chemical and Instrumental Analysis of Foods, Food Processing, and Flavor Chemistry and Technology. He has written a college textbook on food flavors with Henry Heath. This was the first textbook in the flavor area that combined both flavor chemistry and technology. Dr. Sara Risch and he edited and were major contributors to two books on flavor encapsulation. He is the editor of the Source Book of Flavors and an ACS symposium proceeding titled Heteroatomic Aroma Compounds. ... 

Fundamental research in pyrotechnics is published in the US in Combustion and Flame by the Combustion Institute, and in the UK in Combustion Science and Technology and in Fuel . Germany has the new, journal, Propellants and Explosives (German Chemical Society), which is the successor to the discontinued Explosivstoffe . A necessary caveat is that these journals are strongly oriented toward combustion or propulsion so that only rarely do they yield pyrotechnic information. Likewise, the various publications of the learned societies contain much data on thermodynamics, spectroscopy, and instrumental analysis which are useful in the study of pyrotechnics. In the USSR the situation is somewhat better as Physics of Combustion and Explosion (Fizika Gorenia i Vzryva) of the Siberian Branch Academy of Sciences USSR is exclusively oriented toward subjects of interest, as several scientific institutes are primarily devoted to research in pyrotechnics. The same authors do publish also, however, in the journals of the Academy of Science USSR (of which there are several) as well as in the corresponding journals of the academies of the various republics, so that the impression is created of a high level of activity... 

A. Krause, A. Lange and M. Ezrin, Plastics Analysis Guide - Chemical and Instrumental Methods, Hanser Verlag, Munich (1983). 

Instrumental analysis can also involve chemical reactions, but it always involves modern sophisticated electronic instrumentation. Instrumental analysis techniques are high-tech techniques, often utilizing the ultimate in complex hardware and software. While sometimes not as precise as a carefully executed wet chemical method, instrumental analysis methods are fast and can offer a much greater scope and practicality to the analysis. In addition, instrumental methods are generally used to determine the minor constituents or constituents that are present in low levels, rather than the major constituents of a sample. We discuss wet chemical methods in Chapters 3 and 5. Chapter 15 is concerned with physical properties Chapters 7 to 14 involve specific instrumental methods. 

Chemical Properties. Elemental analysis, impurity content, and stoichiometry are determined by chemical or instrumental analysis. The use of instrumental analytical methods (qv) is increasing because these are usually faster, can be automated, and can be used to determine very small concentrations of elements (see Trace and RESIDUE ANALYSIS). Atomic absorption spectroscopy and x-ray fluorescence methods are the most useful instrumental techniques in determining chemical compositions of inorganic pigments. Chemical analysis of principal components is carried out to determine pigment stoichiometry. Analysis of trace elements is important. The presence of undesirable elements, such as heavy metals, even in small amounts, can make the pigment unusable for environmental reasons. 

Chemical and Instrumental Approaches to Cheese Analysis Anand Subramanian and Luis Rodriguez-Saona... 

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