Charged particles collision rate

It should be noted, however, that gaining a deeper insight into the problem of ionization phenomena is not the only reason for steady interest in the problem. Data on charged particle impact ionization is used both for industrial applications and for fundamental scientific research. For applications it is the collisions rates and total cross sections which are usually the most relevant. But in studies focused on the understanding of collision mechanisms of ionization processes, most of the information is lost in the total cross sections due to the integration over the momenta of the ejected electrons in the exit channel. Therefore it is the singly and doubly differential cross sections which are of... 

Kunkel (K9) has derived expressions for the collision rate of charged particles allowing for both Coulomb attraction forces and ionic image forces. His final expressions, however, are not readily applied and he concludes only that the rate of growth of a particle over a period of several seconds is small if... 

The chain fragments formed by the recombination of free radicals can be reconverted into radicals by a variety of reinitiation processes, some of which are listed in Table 1. Such reactions can occur in the gas phase via electron collision and on the polymer surface by impact of charged particles or photon absorption. Reinitiation may also be induced in both the gas phase and on the polymer surface by hydrogen transfer reactions. These last processes are similar to the chain transfer processes which occur during homogeneous polymerization. Expressions for the rates of reinitiation are given by Eqns. 20 through 23. 

The purpose of the detector surrounding the antihydrogen trap is to discriminate between signals due to the annihilation of antihydrogen and those due to the trapped clouds of antiprotons and positrons. For this, one needs to provide temporal and spatial coincident detection of the annihilation of an antiproton and a positron. It should also allow reconstruction of the annihilation vertex with sufficient resolution to discriminate between annihilations on the wall of the charged particle traps and those resulting from possible collisions with residual gas atoms. In addition it must have a sufficiently high rate capability to allow the study of the time evolution of the recombination process. 

This effect has been known for quite some time [76-81] and used to influence the reaction rate between the charged particles. Examples include some hydrolysis reactions [80] where a small addition of polyelectrolyte causes a dramatic acceleration of the chemical reaction between equally charged divalent counterions in solution. The effect of a polyelectrolyte on ion-ion collision frequencies has also been used to probe the distribution of ions around the polyion. For example, Meares and coworkers [82] probed the electrosta-... 

Actual losses of charged particles in electronegative gases are mostly due to ion-ion recombination, which involves neutralization of positive and negative ions in binary or three-body collisions. Ion-ion recombination can proceed by a variety of different mechanisms, which dominate at different pressure ranges, but all of them are usually characterized by very high rate coefficients. 

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