Charge transport polymers applications

US6S. Both polygermanes and polystannanes may find applications because of their unique optical, electronic, and chemical properties. Some of these potential uses include photoresist layers (44,59,60), third-order nonlinear optical materials (50), charge transport polymers (61,62), photoconductors, microlitho-graphic materials (63), and photoinitiators (59). 

Volume 10 includes topics on organic and polymer-based light emitting diodes, optical devices based on conducting polymers, intercalation compounds for advanced lithium batteries, polymer electrets for electronics, sensor, and photonic applications, charge transporting polymers and molecular glasses, and electrochemically prepared thin films for solar cells. 

Secondly, we describe the site-selective introduction of a functional molecule, tetrakis-5,10,15,20-(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP), into the microphase separation structure of a diblock copolymer film of PS-fo-P4VP. Since porphyrin derivatives show various functionalities such as sensitization, redox activity, and nonlinear optical effect, a polymer nanodot array containing a porphyrin at a high concentration would be applicable to a light-harvesing and charge transporting nanochannel. 

Having debated the mechanism of charge transport within the polymer film, it is now useful to consider a few examples of chemical applications of polymer modified electrodes. Electrodes coated with [Ru(bipy)2Cl(PVP)]Cl or [Ru(bipy)2(py)(PVP)]Cl2 show strong catalytic effects for the reduction of cerium(IV) and the oxidation of iron(II).52... 

This article addresses the synthesis, properties, and applications of redox dopable electronically conducting polymers and presents an overview of the field, drawing on specific examples to illustrate general concepts. There have been a number of excellent review articles (1—13). Metal particle-filled polymers, where electrical conductivity is the result of percolation of conducting filler particles in an insulating matrix (14) and ionically conducting polymers, where charge-transport is the result of the motion of ions and is thus a problem of mass transport (15), are not discussed. 

In 1995, Constable proposed that coordination polymers can be obtained on addition of metal ions to terpyridine functionalized monomers.8 Terpyr-idine based coordination polymers containing Fe2+, Ru2+, and Zn2+ template ions were subsequently synthesized by El-Ghayoury,9 Constable,10 and Wiirthner,11 respectively. These polymers are soluble, emissive, and exhibit charge transporting properties, rendering them to have potential application in optoelectronic devices such as polymer light-emitting devices (PLEDs). 

These experiments address a number of issues which are of importance for immobilized polymer layers in general. First of all, the layer structure and thickness is strongly dependent on the nature of the contacting electrolyte. Therefore, in cases where liquid-polymer interfaces are envisaged to allow for particular applications, this interaction needs to be considered in detail. As discussed below in Chapter 5, in order to understand the charge transport properties of these layers the interplay between polymer layer and contacting liquids needs to be considered seriously. 

We have a specific interest in the self-assembled structures formed by poly(ferrocenylsilane) block copolymers, such as poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane-Z -dimethyl-siloxane) (PFS-PDMS) and (ferrocenyldimethylsilane-Z>-isoprene) (PFS-PI). The PFS block contains an iron atom in the main chain repeat unit. These polymers are particularly promising for novel applications, since they can be used as charge-transport materials and, by pyrolysis, as precursors to ferromagnetic ceramics [4-6], Moreover, they can by synthesized with a very narrow molar mass distribution, with excellent control over chain length and composition [7], An important feature of PFS is that the polymers bearing two methyl groups on the silane unit are crystalline, whereas polymers with two different substituents on each silane (methyl, ethyl methyl, phenyl) are atactic and remain amorphous. This feature of the polymer composition has a strong influence on the type of self assembled structures that these poly-... 

Cooper pairs which are formed by two electrons.) Although the -> conductivity of the electronically conducting phase is a critical factor in all electrochemical experiments and applications, electrochemists are mostly interested in the ionic charge transport in electrolyte solutions or surface layers [i-iii]. Mixed, electronic and ionic conductivity occurs, e.g., in polymer-modified electrodes [ix], and in many -> solid electrolytes (see also... 

Gill (1972) was the first to suggest that charge transport in polymers occurred by polaron hopping. The application of polaron theory to transport in polymers was first described by Sahvun (1984). Schein et al. (1990), and Schein (1992). The models described by Sahvun and Schein and coworkers lead to a mobility that is a product of a Boltzmann probability of energy coincidence and the probability a carrier will hop to an adjacent site by thermal activation once... 

The optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers containing the rhenium diimine unit [Re(CO)3(phen)Cl] have been studied. Charge-carrier mobility measurements showed that the presence of metal complexes could facilitate the charge-transport process, and the enhancement in carrier mobility was dependent on the metal content in the polymer. The use of transition metal complexes for both photovoltaic and electroluminescence applications was demonstrated. 

---