Charge-transporting polymers

Nanoclusters/Polymer Composites. The principle for developing a new class of photoconductive materials, consisting of charge-transporting polymers such as PVK doped with semiconductor nanoclusters, sometimes called nanoparticles, Q-particles, or quantum dots, has been demonstrated (26,27). 

Fig. 8. (a) The four basic classes of charge-transporting polymers, and (b) corresponding examples. Class 4 polymers may be either CJ-bonded or... 

Many charge-transporting polymers have already been identified (5), The most thoroughly studied charge-transporting insulating polymer is poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK 6). See Figure 5 for the structure of PVK.)... 

Exploitation of the push-pull effect of the conjugated pyrrolo[3,4-]pyrrole monomer unit afforded ambipolar charge transport polymers where the dipolar nature of the fused pyrrole units and the planar thiophene comonomers lead to a highly aggregated, pi-stacked conformation, even when the... 

Photoeonductive polymers can be -type (hole-transporting), -type (eleetron-transporting) or bipolar (capable of transporting both holes and eleetrons). To date, all practical photoeonductive charge-transporting polymers used eommercially are -type. 

US6S. Both polygermanes and polystannanes may find applications because of their unique optical, electronic, and chemical properties. Some of these potential uses include photoresist layers (44,59,60), third-order nonlinear optical materials (50), charge transport polymers (61,62), photoconductors, microlitho-graphic materials (63), and photoinitiators (59). 

A similar abrupt decrease in transport activation at a certain critical temperature Tg, which is always in the vicinity of Tg, was seen previously on other charge transporting polymers such as poly[N-ethyl-N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-2-ethylmethacrylate] [(poly(TOMAC)] and its copolymer with 4-(diphenylaminophenyl)methyl-methacrylate [poly(TOMAC-co-TPA)]27 ... 

Volume 10 includes topics on organic and polymer-based light emitting diodes, optical devices based on conducting polymers, intercalation compounds for advanced lithium batteries, polymer electrets for electronics, sensor, and photonic applications, charge transporting polymers and molecular glasses, and electrochemically prepared thin films for solar cells. 

Charge-Transporting Polymers and Molecular Glasses J. V Grazulevicius, E Strohriegl... 

Another type of charge-transporting polymers has the transport unit covalently attached to the polymer main chain. This reduces the passive volume of the host as the polymer itself takes part in the charge-transport process. PVK, first synthesized in 1934 by the polymerization NVK, is the first-known polymer photoconductor with relatively stable radical cations and high charge-carrier mobility [26]. Polymerization of NVK can be carried out by cationic, free-radical, CT, coordination, or electrochemical process [27, 28]. 

Figure 8.17 Charge-transporting polymer and the NLO molecule used in a stable PR system with a non-PVK backbone.

Photoconductive and charge-transporting polymers can be either p-type or n-type, depending on the majority carrier. Only in the special cases discussed below can polymers be bipolar, i.e. capable of trans-... 

The only commercial field where photoconductive or charge-transporting polymers have been applied successfully is electrophotography. Many... 

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