Char formation carbon distribution

The practical motivation for understanding the microscopic details of char reaction stem from questions such as How does the variability in reactivity from particle to particle and with extent of reaction affect overall carbon conversion What is the interdependence of mineral matter evolution and char reactivity, which arises from the catalytic effect of mineral matter on carbon gasification and the effects of carbon surface recession, pitting, and fragmentation on ash distribution How are sulfur capture by alkaline earth additives, nitric oxide formation from organically bound nitrogen, vaporization of mineral constituents, and carbon monoxide oxidation influenced by the localized surface and gas chemistry within pores ... 

Carbon Monoxide. All shale samples showed a significant peak in the Co evolution rates in the temperature range over which oil evolution occurs. At these relatively low temperatures, it is unlikely that the reaction between CO2 and residual char could be a significant source of carbon monoxide (2), and it appears that for these shales and in contrast to the Green River shale (2), the decomposition of the kerogen results in the formation of CO. In the case of the Stuart shale, the processes leading to the formation of the CO in the low temperature range are characterised by a mean activation of n/ 174 kJ mo 1-1 and a distribution of 11 kJ mol-1 (Table 6). 

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