Chaptal, Jean Antoine

Chaptal, Jean-Antoine-Claude. Chemistry Applied to Arts and Manufactures. R. Phillips, London. 1807. 

Chaptal, Jean-Antoine (1807) Chimie apphquee aux arts, Paris, Deterville. 

Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal, Comte de Chanteloup, 1756-1832. French physician, chemist, and manufacturer of saltpeter, soda, and beet sugar. Minister of the Interior under Napoleon. Author of books on chemical industry. 

Berthollet s and Fourcroy s divergent approaches to chemical composition and affinity were informed by their respective expertise in industrial and pharmaceutical chemistry. Berthollet and his associates appreciated the fickle nature of the chemical processes used in industrial production and tried to rationalize their erratic behavior by characterizing the physical conditions that affected outcomes. Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal (1756-1832), who had a serious interest in industrial chemistry, advocated Berthollet s system. If affinity provided the guiding light for the younger authors of the Chemical Revolution, then, their conceptions... 

Science 17, 1984, 31-46 Carleton E. Perrin, Of Theory Shifts and Industrial Innovations The Relations of J. A. C. Chaptal and A. L. Lavoisier, Annals of Science 43, 1986, 511-542 Jean Dhombres, Quelques Reflexions de et sur Chaptal. A propos de la Revolution chimique, in Lavoisier et la Revolution chimique, ed. Goupil Jeff Horn and M. C. Jacob, Jean-Antoine Chaptal and the Cultural Roots of French Industrialization, Technology and Culture 34, 1998, 671-698. 

Horn, Jeff, and Margaret C. Jacob. Jean-Antoine Chaptal and the Cultural Roots of French Industrialization. Technology and Culture 39, 1998, 671-698. 

To address this question, we now jump from 3.5 Ga to —2.3 X 10 Ga. In the 1770s, three scientists—Carl Wilhelm Scheele (Sweden), Daniel Rutherford (Scotland), and Antoine Lavosier (France)—independently discovered the existence of nitrogen. They performed experiments in which an unreactive gas was produced. In 1790, Jean Antoine Claude Chaptal formally named the gas nitrogene. This discovery marked the beginning of our understanding of nitrogen and its role in Earth systems. 

The modern name of nitrogen was first suggested in 1790 by French chemist Jean Antoine Claude Chaptal (1756-1832). This name made sense to chemists when they realized that the new gas was present in both nitric acid and nitrates. Thus, nitrogen means nitrate and nitric acid (nitro-) and origin of (-gen). 

I found that air is a mixture of two substances - to the purer y part, which is used in respiration and in calcinations of metals, we give the name oxygen and the residue we will call mofette. I later decided to call the residue azote, from the Greek term meaning without life . In 1790, Jean Antoine Chaptal gave it its modern... 

Nitrogen is a gaseous element that is abundant in the atmosphere as the molecule dinitrogen (N2). Scottish chemist Daniel Rutherford, Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele, and English chemist Henry Cavendish independently discovered the element in 1772. Nitrogen received its name in 1790 from Erench chemist Jean-Antoine Chaptal, who realized that it was present in nitrate (N03 ) and nitric acid (HNO3). 

Jean Antoine Claude Chaptal (Nogaret (Lozere), 9 May (or 4 June) 1756-Paris, 30 July 1832) was professor of chemistry and a practising physician in Montpellier. His lectures there were published in 1783. In 1793 brought by Fourcroy to Paris to be director of a gunpowder factory, but he returned to his chair at Montpellier in 1794. In 1798 he followed Berthollet at the ficole des Arts in 1800-4 Minister of the Interior he was instrumental in developing chemical industry, and in directing large chemical factories which he owned at Rouen and Montpellier. Napoleon made him Count de Chante-loup and Louis XVIII in 1819 created him a peer of France. 

But the choice appears natural from the point of the element s properties the gas is odorless, colorless, nonflammable, nonexplosive, nontoxic—and nonreactive under normal environmental conditions. In 1790, four years before Lavoisier s life was cut short by Marat s guillotine, Jean Antoine Claude Chaptal (1756-1832) named the gas nitrogene. This designation refers obviously to the element s presence... 

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