Chaotic Micromixers

The function P can be computed either from an analytical or a numerical representation of the flow field, making use of Eq. (3.23). In such a way, a 3D convection problem is essentially reduced to a mapping between two-dimensional 

Poincare sections. The complete mixing process can be analyzed by successive applications of the Poincare map. 

The analysis of mass transfer based on Lagrangian particle tracking has shown that for suitable values of the pressure excitation amplitude and frequency chaotic mixing is induced [63]. 

---

Liu, R. H., Ward, M., Bonnano, J., Ganser, D., Athavale, M., Grodzinski, P., Plastic on-line chaotic micromixer for biological applications, in Ramsey, J. M., van den Berg, A. (Eds.), Micro Total Analysis Systems, Kluwer, Dordrecht,... 

On the other hand, passive chaotic micromixers typically use complex three-dimensional twisted conduits fabricated in various substrates such as silicon [13], polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) [14], ceramic tape [15], or glass [13] to create 3-D steady flow velocity with a certain complexity to achieve chaotic advection. T q)ical examples of the aforementioned two routes to achieve chaotic advection and mixing in LOC devices are presented in the following. 

Kim DS, Lee SW, Kwon TH, Lee SS (2002) Barrier embedded chaotic micromixer. In Baba Y, Shoji S, Berg A (eds) Proceedings 6th international conference on micro total analysis systems (pTAS 02), Nara, Japan, 3-7 November 2002. Kluwer, The Netherlands, pp 757-759... 

Kang, T. G., Kwon, T. H. Colored particle tracking method for mixing analysis of chaotic micromixers, J. Micromech. Microeng. 14, (2004) 891-899. 

Very recently, EW has been employed to trigger self-excited oscillations of millimetersized sessile droplets of water-glycerol mixtures [13]. During these oscillations, contact angles of the droplets have been found to vary periodically between 130° and 80°, with a frequency between 10 and 125 s. The resultant mixing of fluids within the droplets has been found to be two orders of magnitudes faster than the conventional chaotic micromixing processes. 

C. Li, T. Chen, Simulation and optimization of chaotic micromixer using lattice Boltzmann method. Sens. Actuators B, 2005, 106, 871-877. 

Xia HM, Wan SYM, Shu C, Chew YT (2005) Chaotic micromixers using two-layer crossing channels to exhibit fast mixing at low Reynolds numbers. Lab Chip 5(7) 748-755... 

---