Channel coiled

Secondary flow is a flow region where the flow velocity and direction are significantly different from the primary flow region. The secondary flow could be generated by curved channel, coiled tubes, and rotating movement. The secondary flow generated close to the membrane surface can reduce the concentration polarization and enhance membrane filtration. This section discnsses the secondary flows, including Dean vortices, Taylor flow, and helical membrane modules for the membrane performance enhancement. 

The first of them to determine the LMA quantitatively and the second - the LF qualitatively Of course, limit of sensitivity of the LF channel depends on the rope type and on its state very close because the LF are detected by signal pulses exceeding over a noise level. The level is less for new ropes (especially for the locked coil ropes) than for multi-strand ropes used (especially for the ropes corroded). Even if a skilled and experienced operator interprets a record, this cannot exclude possible errors completely because of the evaluation subjectivity. Moreover it takes a lot of time for the interpretation. Some of flaw detector producers understand the problem and are intended to develop new instruments using data processing by a computer [6]. 

The Pascal code was updated to handle four channels. To follow the inspection speed all raw measuring data were captured and stored in the computer. All data for one coil could be stored in the computer memory (RAM) and transferred to the disk before inspection of the next coil. Evaluation of the data could be performed on-line or later using a special evaluation program. 

Coreless furnaces derive their name from the fact that the coil encircles the metal charge but, in contrast to the channel inductor described later, the cod does not encircle a magnetic core. Figure 8 shows a cross section of a typical medium sized furnace. The cod provides support for the refractory that contains the metal being heated and, therefore, it must be designed to accept the mechanical loads as well as the conducted thermal power from the load. 

Inductor. The channel inductor assembly consists of a steel box or case that contains the inductor refractory and the inductor core and coil assembly. The channel is formed within the refractory. Inductor power ratings range from 25 kilowatts for low temperature metals to 5000 kilowatts for molten iron. Forced air is used to cool the lower power inductors, and water is generally used to cool inductors rated 500 kilowatts or more. 

Metal contained in the channel is subjected to forces that result from the interaction between the electromagnetic field and the electric current in the channel. These inward forces produce a circulation that is generally perpendicular to the length of the channel. It has been found that shaping the channels of a twin coil inductor shown in Figure 10 produces a longitudinal flow within the channel and significantly reduces the temperature difference between the channel and the hearth (12). 

GP 10] [R 18]The best HCN yield of 31% at a p-gauze platinum catalyst (70 ml h methane 70 ml h ammonia 500 ml h air 1 bar 963 °C) is much better than the performance of monoliths (Figure 3.49) having similar laminar flow conditions [2]. A coiled strip and a straight-channel monolith have yields of 4 and 16%, respectively. The micro-reactor performance is not much below the best yield gained in a monolith operated under turbulent-flow conditions (38%). 

Normal geometry Term used to describe the construction of a conventional dual/multi channel probe. Since the X nucleus is a far less sensitive nucleus than 1H, a normal geometry probe has the X nucleus receiver coils as close to the sample as possible to minimise signal loss and the XH receiver coils outside the X nucleus coils (i.e., further from the sample). This design of probe is thus optimised for X nucleus sensitivity at the expense of some XH sensitivity. 

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