Signal loss

If the connectors are to be used in high frequency applications, they must be made of plastics with low dielectric loss to avoid either damage to the part or signal loss in the circuit. 

The dielectric and the conductors are selected to maximize data transmission speed while miiumizing signal loss. In addition, dissipating heat generated by the microcircuits is rapidly becoming an important consideration. If too much heat builds up in the microelectronic device. 

Uncertainty in Process Measurements. Sensor measurements are always subject to noise, calibration error, and temporary signal loss, as well as various faults that may not be immediately detected. Therefore, data preprocessing will often be required to overcome the inherent limitations of... 

Normal geometry Term used to describe the construction of a conventional dual/multi channel probe. Since the X nucleus is a far less sensitive nucleus than 1H, a normal geometry probe has the X nucleus receiver coils as close to the sample as possible to minimise signal loss and the XH receiver coils outside the X nucleus coils (i.e., further from the sample). This design of probe is thus optimised for X nucleus sensitivity at the expense of some XH sensitivity. 

U.S. patent, disclosed that a highly filled combination of ATH and unspecified zinc borate in an EVA cable produced a much lower optical transmission signal loss than a conventional fluoropolymer in an optical composite cable application (Table IV). 

Ability to switch or carry as low as 10 nanoVolts without signal loss... 

Defects in the transmitter path may cause total signal loss, increased I, noise or diamond patterns. Problems with the frequency control unit or the synthesizer will lead to no signal or amplitude or phase instabilities. Random variations in amplitude or phase will increase q noise. A more subtle point arises when the phase presetting time is too short such that the... 

With the use of cryogenic probes, carbon detection becomes possible in protein NMR experiments [23]. This may be required for perdeuterated proteins or when signal loss in INEPT transfer steps becomes prohibitively large. 

Fig. 22. Diffusion weighted spectral series recorded from TA (a) and SOL b). Diffusion sensitizing gradients with /i-values of 0, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 s/mm are applied parallel (Gy) and perpendicular (G ) to the muscle axis. In contrast to SOL, TA shows clearly anisotropic signal losses. Mean diffusion coefficients of 20 subjects are given in (c).

Fig. 23. Diffusion weighted spectral series of tibial bone marrow (a) and TA (b) of a 27-year-old healthy female subject for determination of ADC in lipids. Spectra were recorded using sequence S2 with TE=154 ms, TM=149 ms,. 5 = 69 ms, 6 = 0, 2500, 5000, 10,000 and 20,000 s/mm. Similar diffusion characteristics are visible for marrow fat and EMCL, whereas IMCL shows more pronounced diffusion related signal loss.

PIO We speculate that, due to structural variations, some unavoidable signal loss may be structure dependent and an error range of 10-20% is possible. (Yan et ab, 2007)... 

Fig. 5. Correlation of myocardial oxygenation and developed pressure in excised Lan-gendorff perfused rat hearts, (a) When NMR signals are acquired more rapidly than the time required for full relaxation, there is signal loss due to partial saturation. Comparing the...

Because optical fibers are nonconducting, fiber optic systems provide excellent electrical isolation and immunity from electrical interference. Signal losses are much lower in fibers (as low as 0.20 dB/km) compared to other guided transmission media, such as twisted copper pairs, coaxial cable, and metallic waveguides. In addition, the bandwidth or information carrying capacity of fibers is far greater. When one or more optical fibers are packaged into cables, the cables are smaller and more flexible than their metallic counterparts. 

Therefore, pyridine derivatives are easily oxidized to OOH giving an ammonium cation. In the presence of the cation NADH induces full and rapid ESR signal loss as a consequence of two-electron reduction of intermediate oxo-ammonium compound to its cyclic hydroxylamine ... 

Figure 2.6 Calculation of large signal loss tangent, after [19].

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