Changes during Stimulation

Table 1. Nucleoid analysis of DNA strand break changes during stimulation comparison of lymphocytes with fibroblasts ...

Neutrophil F-actin content dynamically changes during chemoattractant stimulation in a dose-dependent manner (14). The examples presented in this chapter are from experiments performed with human neutrophils stimulated at 37°C utilizing the technique described by Howard and Meyer (14), briefly summarized below. 

The proportion of sulfolipids in the gonads of sea urchins changes during early development of the embryos.283 It has also been found that the sulfolipid from P. depressus exerts a stimulating effect on the respiration of the spermatozoa of the sea urchin.308... 

Conway, C., Sheline, Y., Chibnall, J., George, M., Fletcher, J., Mintun, M. (2006). Cerebral blood flow changes during vagus nerve stimulation for depression. Psychiatry Research, 146, 179—184. 

Morphological changes do occur in the inner membranes of the mitochondria when active respiration is stimulated by ADP. Fluorescent probes, such as 1-aminonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) and the antibiotic aurovertin, bind either to the inner membrane (ANS) or directly to ATP synthase (aurovertin). The binding enhances or diminishes fluorescence in response to changes in conformation or hydrophobicity of the inner membrane. Results support the hypothesis that ATP synthase undergoes conformational changes during respiration and oxidative phosphorylation (discussed later). 

Szerb JC (1988) Changes in the relative amounts of aspartate and glutamate released and retained in hippocampal slices during stimulation. J Neurochem 50 219-224. 

Total cell numbers of hypocotyl segments after treatments were observed under the microscope to see whether the brassinolide-induced growth stimulation was due to cell elongation or cell division. As shown in Table I, the cell number of epidermal cells was not changed during 8 h incubation, suggesting that brassinolide-induced hypocotyl elongation is caused by cell expansion and not by cell division. 

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