Challenger Deep

Kato C, Li L, Nogi Y, Nakamura Y, Tamaoka J, and Horikoshi K (1998) Extremely barophilic bacteria isolated from the Mariana Trench, Challenger Deep, at a depth of 11,000 meters. Appl Environ Microbiol 64 1510-1513 Kaye JZ, Baross JA (2000) High incidence of halotolerant bacteria in Pacific hydrothermal-vent and pelagic environments. FEMS Microbiology Ecol 32 249-260... 

Long term in vivo biodistribution and metabolism cannot be measured using radiopharmaceuticals. MR spectroscopy and tissue biopsy remain the only choices for investigating the long-term disposition of pharmaceuticals. While challenging, deep tissue in vivo biodistribution and metabolism can be measured over time using 19F MR after multiple doses, after the initial washout phase, and noninvasively. 

Gooday, A. J., Todo, Y., Uematsu, K. Kitazato, H. (2007c). New organic-walled Foraminifera (Protista) from the ocean s deepest point, the Challenger Deep (western Pacific Ocean). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 

We dived into Challenger Deep at the depth of 10,897m on March 2 1996 and have collected the mud samples. We have isolated strain MS300 which produces exo-maltotetraohydrase (amylase300) from the mud sample. The amylase300 predominantly maltotetraose from starch. This amylase300 to be very unique. Because, the exo-maltotetraohydrolase of Pseudomonas stutzeri strains had been reported but this enzyme produces glucose maltose and maltotriose besides maltotetraose from starch. We can expect the deep sea environment as the resource of novel microbial biocatalysts. 

Sampling of the sea mud from the Challenger Deep of the MARIANA trench... 

In this study, we have first isolated various microorganisms from the mud samples of the Challenger Deep. Some of the microorganisms were the amylase... 

Many microorganisms were isolated from the muds of the Challenger Deep at the depth of about 11,000 m. Furthermore, microorganisms under extreme conditions were also discovered at high frequency. 

Now, I would like to introduce another tradition of old Japan. In the area of arts and crafts, the Japanese has always recognized the importance of the spirit, "KIWA-MERU". This spirit of "KIWA-MERU" implies the utmost challenging, deep investigation and the profound delving. In other words,... 

On its 1960 dive to the Challenger Deep, the Tri-este took nearly five hours to descend 36,000 feet, moving at about 1 mile per hour. 

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