Challenge activities

Alternative routes with favorable AG° values are required. Development of ways to make indirectly, by efficient processes, what cannot be made directly is one of the most interesting and challenging activities of organic chemists. 

Challenge activities provide unique ways to understand and enrich chemistry and art concepts presented in the book. They can be games, model making, symbol investigations, and other group classroom activities or individual projects. Examples of challenge activities are... 

The biological synthesis of adrenaline, the hormone secreted in response to a strenuous or challenging activity (Opener, Section 7.12)... 

Chemokines can be produced from nearly every cell population within the asthmatic airway, including mast cells, airway epithelial cells, and alveolar macrophages (8,10) (Table 1). Because these cells are resident, they have immediate influence on the environment of the airway and surrounding lung tissue. The initial allergen challenge activates a classic IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation response. The activation of mast cells induces the immediate release of acute mediators, such as histamine, seratonin, or others, that are made and stored in... 

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