Chalk whiting

Styrene may also be added to give a pentapolymer. The polymer is of random orientation and preferably has a molecular weight of approximately 10,000 Dalton. The polymer is a low-viscosity chalk-white fluid that is soluble in water at a pH of 6 to 7. 

To my surprise, he turned chalk white. His fright was so obvious that I could not ignore it. 

They may contain as impurities, small quantities of alkali, sulphates and chlorides and are often adulterated with kaolin, heavy spar, gypsum, chalk, white lead, zinc white, magnesia, starch, etc. 

Succinylation substantially increases specific volume of soy and leaf proteins (12,37). The succinylated soy protein becomes very fluffy and the color becomes much lighter, changing from a tan to a chalk white as the extent of derivatization is increased (12,47). No odors nor flavors were imparted by the succinylation process. Succinylation improved the whiteness and dispersibility characteristics of soy protein making it suitable for incorporation into coffee whiteners (47). Succinylated soy proteins hydrate rapidly on the tongue,""taste clean, but slightly acidic. It is not known if derivatization facilitates the removal of off-flavors from modified proteins. 

Ehuric acid on mai blo chalk, whiting, d-c, omo few obtain their carbonic acid gas by tho action of an acid and au alkali introduced into tho bottle, and instantly corked. Tho quantity of gas introduced is u.sually about 5 Limes tho volumo of tho liquid. lu making chalybeate culpburctted water, Iho water should bo pi cviousl boiled, to cxt)cl all air from it. 

Snowcal. [Croxton Gany Ltd.] Chalk whiting fillers. 

Prepared calcium carbonate, drop chalk, prepared chalk, whiting, English white, Paris white. Native CaCO, purified by elutriation. 

R.R. Davidson, Natural Chalk Whiting — Nature and Uses , Information Paper, Welyn Hall Research Association, 1969. 

On mature female plants one may see empty fruit stalks (Fig. 3, no. 8), even in winter. Sometimes the fruit is also present, but if not, the empty stems (which resemble empty grape stems) will be attached even when birds have eaten the fruits. The fruits (labeled as no. 6 and no. 7 in Fig. 3) are green in summer and an off-white or ivory color in fall and early winter. In winter, the off-white outer layer (exocarp) peels away (Fig. 3, no. 5), exposing the chalk-white layer beneath. In the chalk-white layer (mesocarp), there are black lines resembling the longitudinal lines on a globe. These are the tiny canals containing the poisonous oleoresin (Fig. 3, no. 7). This feature is typically present in winter in mature female clones. 

Fig. 3. Distinguishing characteristics of Toxicodendrons useful for field identification [33]. (1) Buds are not terminal, causing new directions of growth each season. (2) The petiole is enlarged at the point of attachment. (3) U- or V-shaped leaf scars. (4) Flowers, fruit on panicles in axillary position. (3) Trichomes on fruit of poison oak and some ssp. of poison ivy. (6) Exocarp which peels away in the winter. (7) After losing exocarp, fruits are smaller and chalk white with tiny black lines like longitudinal lines on a globe. (8) Empty fruit stalk, (g) Lenticels give a characteristic texture to the wood...

Fruits (on larger female plants) are green in summer (no. 5, Fig. 3), turning off-white in the fall. The outer layer peels in winter, leaving a chalk-white surface with dark or black lines (no. 7, Fig. 4)... 

Chalk whitings are used as general purpose extenders. 

Figure 22. Typical particles of a ground UK chalk whiting...

When more water is driven off the volume decreases to a characteristic point, called by van Bemmelen the transition point, and designated by 0. From this on the volume remains constant. Further dehydration causes changes in the optical properties. The previously clear gel becomes turbid and chalk white (transition). The residue becomes clear again when the water content goes below 1 mol. The change in... 

For years, plant scientists assayed the world s corn varieties one by one, looking for a strain with more nutritionally balanced protein. Finally, in 1963, a Purdue University team headed by biochemist Edwin T. Mertz analyzed an odd group of corns characterized by soft, floury endosperm inside an opaque, chalk-white kernel. The Purdue scientists found that the opaque characteristic of corn, which had been noted for years without exciting much scientific interest, is associated with a recessive gene that replaces some of the kernel s amino acid deficient zein with other protein higher in the needed lysine and tryptophan. The mutant— routinely labeled opaque-2, or O2 for short—had a lysine... 

Watin (1785) discusses blanc de craie ( chalk white ), describing it as a calcareous, friable farinaceous earth found in Champagne, Bourgogne, and Meudon near Paris . He compares it to Bougival white, but says it is harder. 

High-whiteness marble, ball and calcined clays, anti-blocking agents, coated fine/ultrafine calcium carbonate, chalk whitings, alkaline high purity china clay... 

Fillers are materials such as carbon black, zinc oxide, clays, chalk, whitings, calcium silicate, and barium sulfate. These materials are used to reduce cost, increase hardness, improve abrasion resistance, and to modify the cohesive strength of the formulation. 

Chalk (whiting) Calcium carbonate C3C03 Mineral... 

The principal pigments used by the Palaeolithic artisians were charred wood (black), chalk (white), and iron and manganese oxides for red and yellow colors. About three or four thousand years ago, Egyptians supplemented these... 

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