Chalcogenide glass electrode

Jasinski R, Trachtenberg I (1973) Evaluation of the ferric ion sensitive chalcogenide glass electrode. J Electrochem Soc 120 1169-1174... 

Jasinski R, Trachtenberg I, Rice G (1974) A chalcogenide glass electrode sensitive to cupric ions. J Electrochem Soc 121 363-370... 

Vlasov YG, Bychkov EA (1989) Sodium ion-selective chalcogenide glass electrodes. Anal Lett 22 1125-1144... 

Schwabe K (1980) pH Messung. Berlin Akademie Verlag. Vlasov YuG and Bychov EA (1987) Ion-selective chalcogenide glass electrodes. Ion-Selective Electrode Review 9 5-93. 

Legin AV, Vlasov YG, Rudnitskaya AM, Bychkov EA (1996) Cross-sensitivity of chalcogenide glass sensors in solutions of heavy metal ions. Sens Actuators B 34 456 61 De Marco R, Shackleton J (1999) Cahbration of the Hg chalcogenide glass membrane ion-selective electrode in seawater media. Talanta 49 385-391... 

De Marco R, Mackey DJ (2000) Calibration of a chalcogenide glass membrane ion-selective electrode for the determination of free Fe in seawater I. Measurements in UV photooxidised seawater. Mar Chem 68 283-294 Van den Berg CMG (2000) Mar Chem 71 331-332... 

In conclusion, mention should be made of glass electrodes exhibiting mixed, ionic and electronic conductances. A chalcogenide glass (28% Ge, 60% Se, 12%... 

LAPS was introduced by Sato et al. [155]. The detection of heavy metal ions by thin films of chalcogenide-glass membranes using the pulsed laser deposition method (PLD) was reported by Mourzina et al. [156]. The PLD technique was also introduced to evaporate A1203 as a pH-sensitive material for LAPS devices [157]. The first practical application of the above-described LAPS card was demonstrated by Kloock et al. for a comparative study of Cd-sensitive chalcogenide glasses for ISFETs, LAPS and pISEs (ion-selective electrodes) [158]. 

Table 10.1 summarizes the characteristics of common ISEs and a number of new sensors in this field. We have not included in this table the liquid or polymer membrane-based electrodes which are selective, but rather fragile (for more details on such membranes see References 58,59). ISEs of the first kind are not very numerous, e.g., F -ISE (monocrystalhne membrane based on LaFj), Ag" -ISE (silver salts), or Na" -ISE (Na alumino-silicate glass or polyciystalline NASICON [Na super ionic conductor] membranes). Most of the ISEs are of the second kind and are based on insoluble silver salts for example, halide ISEs (CE, Br, I"), Cd ", Pb ", Cu ", etc. Such ISEs use mixtures of insoluble salts based on silver sulfide or silver selenide. Recently, Vlasov etal. and Neshkova have proposed several glasses sensitive to transition metals. Typical ISE devices are shown in Figure 10.5. Thin-layer chemical sensors based on chalcogenide glasses have also been developed. ... 

In low-selective electrodes, assembled as sensor arrays, several membranes can be used for potentiometric sensors, namely chalcogenide glasses and lipid polymeric-membranes (Vlasov et al., 2005). These arrays constitute analytical tools whose performance capabilities depend on the selected electrodes but also on the practical purpose. Quahtative, semiquantitative and quantitative analysis are possible by using advanced chemometric techniques. 

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