Chain macromolecules

Deruelle, M., Leger, L. and Tirrell, M., Adhesion at the solid-elastomer interface influence of the interfacial chains. Macromolecules, 28(22), 7419-7428 (1995). 

Casassa, E. R and Tagami, Y. An equilibrium theory for exclusion chromatography of branched and linear polymer chains, Macromolecules, 2, 14, 1969. 

H. Meng, W. Yu, and W. Huang, Facile synthetic route to a novel electroluminescent polymer — poly(p-phenylene vinylene) containing a fully conjugated aromatic oxadiazole side chain, Macromolecules, 32 8841-8847, 1999. 

Kaneko, Y., Nakamura, S., Sakai, K., Aoyagi, T., Kikuchi, A., Sakurai, Y,, and Okano, T. Rapid deswelhng response of poly(A-isoproplyacrylamide) hydrogels by the formation of water release chaimels using polyfethylene oxide) graft chains. Macromolecules 1998, 31, 6099 - 6105. 

Barkley, M.D. and Zimm, B.H. (1979) Theory of twisting and bending of chain macromolecules analysis of the fluorescence depolarization of DNA. J. Chem. Phys. 70, 2991-3007. 

Otsuka, H. Aotani, K. Higaki, Y Amamoto, Y Takahara, A. Thermal reorganization and molecular weight control of dynamic covalent polymers containing alkoxyamines in their main chains. Macromolecules 2007,40,1429-1434. 

Model simulating the hydrodynamic properties of a chain macromolecule consisting of a sequence of beads, each of which offers hydrodynamic resistance to the flow of the surrounding medium and is connected to the next bead by a rigid rod which does not. The mutual orientation of the rods is random. 

Adjective describing a chain macromolecule that behaves in a hydrodynamic field as though the solvent within the domain of the macromolecule were virtually immobilized with respect to the macromolecule. 

Coefficient coimecting the intrinsic viscosity, the radius of gyration and the molar mass of a chain macromolecule, according to the equation... 

Note 1 Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks are different from interpenetrating polymer networks because the constituent linear-chain or branched-chain macromolecule(s) can, in principle, be separated from the constituent polymer network(s) without breaking chemical bonds, and, hence, they are polymer blends. 

The higher the initial concentration, the greater is the effectiveness of the polymer and, by analogy, the maximum of effectiveness is displaced in the direction of increasing Reynolds numbers. At equal concentrations, the long-chain macromolecule is more effective, as in fact one would expect for reasons of the chain-length influence. 

Shortening the flexible spacer must ultimately lead to rigid chain macromolecules. Many examples of such macromolecules have been reviewed by Preston99. An interesting example is the series of polyfethylene terephthalate-co-oxybenzoate)s... 

The FTMS method allows us to follow changes in several parameters that carry information on the role of different mechanisms during formation of an end-product by reactive molding. Specifically, the development of fluctuating entanglements of long-chain macromolecules can be distinguished from the appearance of rubber-like three-dimensional networks of chemical bonds. 

Kallitsis, J.K., Kakahli, F. and Gravalos, K.G. (1994) Synthesis and characterization of soluble aromatic polyesters containing oligophenyl moieties in the main chain. Macromolecules, 27, 4509-15. 

For a solution of stiff-chain macromolecules (for example, PBLG), with p 3 x 103 Debye [153], the corresponding estimation shifts to Eq > 4 kV/cm but still remains within the experimentally feasible range. 

Cerf R (1958) Statistical mechanics of chain macromolecules in a velocity field. J Phys Radium 19(1) 122-134... 

Gotlib YuYa (1964) Theory of optical anisotropy for short or rigid chain macromolecules in terms of persistent model. Vysokomolek Soedin 6(3) 389-398 (in Russian)... 

Nagarajan R, Liu W, Kumar J et al (2001) Manipulating DNA conformation using intertwined conducting polymer chains. Macromolecules 34 3921-3927... 

Tanaka, K., Kawai, T., Kita, H., Okamoto, K., Ito, Y. (2000) Correlation between gas diffusion coefficient and positron annihilation lifetime in polymers with rigid polymer chains . Macromolecules, 33, 5513. 

This article deals with some topics of the statistical physics of liquid-crystalline phase in the solutions of stiff chain macromolecules. These topics include the problem of the phase diagram for the liquid-crystalline transition in die solutions of completely stiff macromolecules (rigid rods) conditions of formation of the liquid-crystalline phase in the solutions ofsemiflexible macromolecules possibility of the intramolecular liquid-crystalline ordering in semiflexible macromolecules structure of intramolecular liquid crystals and dependence of die properties of the liquid-crystalline phase on the microstructure of the polymer chain. 

It is well-known that the tendency to form a liquid-crystalline phase is most pronounced for those substances which molecules have an elongated shape. Stiff-chain macromolecules are obviously good examples of this kind. Their asymmetry can be so large that they can form liquid-crystalline phase not only in the bulk but also in the solution. In the latter case, liquid crystals are called polymeric lyotropic liquid crystals. It is the theory of this type of liquid crystals that will be considered in the present paper. 

Some examples of stiff-chain polymers able to form a liquid-crystalline phase in the solution are listed in Table l1. The ratio of the statistical segment length1 of a polymer chain, 1, to its width, d, (last column of Table 1) measures the degree of chain stiffness. For flexible macromolecules fid 1 stiff-chain macromolecules are those for which fid t> 1. 

It is important to recognize that all polymers, be they natural or synthetic, are simply giant long chain molecules or macromolecules. It s all chemistry, and there really is no basic difference between a natural or synthetic polymer, in that both obey the same physical laws. Cellulose, for example, the natural polymer that is found in cotton and numerous other plants (and the most abundant polymer on the face of the planet), is a long chain macromolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. So is the synthetic polyester fiber, polyethylene tere-phthalate) (PET). It s just that the arrangement (architecture) of the atoms in the two... 

Space limitations do not permit the description of other varieties of rigid chain macromolecules, such as semiladder and spiro siructures, which are of lesser current commercial importance. 

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