Cetene

The reaction of olefin sulfation and its possibilities has been extensively studied [3-10] and it was used to produce alcohol sulfates. Dry distillation of spermaceti gives palmitic acid and cetene-1, which can be sulfated with sulfuric acid to give cetyl-2 sulfate [11]. Other surfactants were obtained from olefins produced from natural substances, such as alcohol sulfates by sulfation of olefins from decarboxylation of oleic acid [12], by sulfation of olefins made by dehydrating hydroabietyl alcohol, by direct sulfation of abietyl alcohol [13,14], or by sulfation of natural terpenes [15]. 

Using the sensor technique for studying photolysis of adsorbed layers of cetene on metal oxides we observed tlie decay of adsorption layers under the influence of ultraviolet light. The reaction yields methylene radicals in the surface layer... 

Fig.4.7. Photolysis of cetene in the layer adsorbed on a ZnO film (curve 1) and in the gas phase (curve 2) at room temperature.

The specified decrease of the radical concentration in the gas phase near the film surface and in tiie layer adsorbed on the film is caused by the fact that interaction of these prides with cetene molecules becomes stronger as concentration of the latter increases. Another reason for the decrease of the radical concentration is the decrease of the diffusion coefficients of active particles in the gas and on the siu-face. This results in a growth of the time it takes for active particles from a gas phase to reach the film surface. Furthermore, it leads to an increase in the time it takes for active particles in the adsorption layer to reach the centers of chemisorption. 

At 500° C., the gaseous products from cetene and cetane become indistinguishable and the former represents 40 weight % of the feed reacted (see Table II). 

Feed Cetane Cetene Amyl Decalins Cumene ... 

To obtain the first clue to the reaction mechanism, two hydrocarbons may be considered (1) 1-hexadecene (cetene), representing group I, and (2) isopropylbenzene (cumene), representing group II. What common property of the catalyst will explain the cracking patterns of both, in conformity with what is known of the chemical reactions of carbon compounds ... 

Figure 3. Effect of temperature on ignition delay of a-methylnaphthalene and cetene [after Jost (71), data of Mueller (94), and Wolfer (739)]...

Measurements carried out on cetene-1 (C16H32) and on cetane (C16H34) have shown (Shatenshtem and Vasil eva, 1954) that at 100° and with CKNI) = 0-8n, the number of H-atoms exchanged in the first of the above substances after 100 hours was 28 out of 32, while in the second substance there is practically no exchange (n 0-4). The reason for this phenomenon will be discussed below. 

It is not very likely that the influence of a double bond extends far over a chain of carbon atoms. For example, it is difficult to believe that a double bond at one end of the cetene-1 molecule containing 16 carbon atoms has an effect on hydrogen exchange at its other end. It is more likely that complete hydrogen exchange in alkene molecules and unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbons is due to multiple bond migrations, i.e. isomerization of the hydrocarbon. 

Trade names Cedax (Shionogi) Ceten Cilecef Keimax Seftem Indications Various infections caused by susceptible organisms Category Cephalosporin, 3rd generation Half-life 2 hours... 

Freezing Point Diagram of the System n-Hexadecane-n-Hexadecene-1 (Cetene). 

Relation between the Osmotic Pressure and the Vapour Pressure It is well known that the vapour pressure of the solvent over the pure solvent is greater than its vapour pressure over the solution In the case of an ideal solution, this is due to the fact that the solvent pressure in the interior of the solvent is greater than the solvent piessure inside the solution, for the greater the solvent pressure, the greater, cetens paribus, the vapour pressure Tinker assumes that they are related to one another by the Dieterici expression, viz —... 

The synthetic oil shows, with its cetene number of 105, an excellent behavior in the diesel engine. 

Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic enone systems also reacted with allene to give (2 + 2)-cycloadducts, as was shown in alkaloid synthesis.178 As the keystep in the synthesis of an annotinine derivative, allene was added to 157 and the adduct 158 was obtained in quantitative yield. Various uracils have been modified by photochemical (2 + 2)-cycloaddition with olefins, e.g., vinylene carbonate,17,18° vinyl ethers, vinyl acetates, and (cetene acetals yielded 159.181 Very recently the photochemical addition of cyanoethylenes to 2-pyridones has been observed to yield mixtures of tetrahydroazocin-2-ones (160) and (2 + 2)-cycloadducts (161).182... 

AI3-06556 Cetene 1-Cetene Cetylene Dialene 16 EINECS 211-105-8 Gulftene 16 a-Hexadecene 1-Hexadecene 1-n-Hexadecene n-Hexadec-1-ene Hexadecylene-1 a-Hexadecylene HSDB 5730 NSC 60602. Intermediate for biodegradable surfxtants and specialty industrial chemicals. Liquid mp = 2.1° bp = 284.9° ... 

A few dissyllables have no distinct accent (as benzene, xylene, cetene). 

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