Centrifuges nozzle separator

A second type of apparatus based on the pressure diffusion effect is the separation nozzle. Pressure gradients in a curved expanding jet produce an isotopic separation similar to that in a centrifuge. The separation effect obtained with a single jet is relatively small, and separation nozzle stages, similar to gaseous diffusion stages, must be used in a cascade to realize most of the desired separations. 

If an interior centrifugal (cyclone) separator is used, the inlet nozzle size should be the same size as the pipe. If the internal design requires... 

The nozzle separation process utilizes the centrifugal forces which occur upon diversion of a gas stream. A gas stream of uranium(VI) fluoride, helium and hydrogen is directed along a curved wall and then split by a peeling off plate into two gas streams with enrichment of the heavier and lighter isotopes respectively. 

FIG. 18-142 Disk-centrifuge bowls (a) separator, solid wall (b) recycle clarifier, nozzle discharge. 

The expanders also remove energy from the gas, using that energy to drive a centrifugal compressor for pipeline recompression. As gas expands through the expander s inlet nozzle, pressure drops from 90 bar (1,300 psig) to 55 bar (800 psig). Temperature drops as well, below the dewpoint, and the liquids formed can be separated from the main gas stream. 

Paraffin. Separator operation can be adversely affected by paraffin accumulation. Coalescing plates in the liquid section and mesh pad mist extractors in the gas section are particularly prone to plugging by paraffin. If paraffin is an actual or potential problem, use of plate type or centrifugal mist extractors should be considered. Manways, handholes and nozzles should be provided to allow steam, solvent or other types of cleaning of separator internals. 

The main types of industrial centrifuges used for bioparticle separations are the tubular, the multi-chamber, and the disc centrifuges Figure 11.8). The disc centrifuge may have nozzles to allow continuous exit of the concentrated suspension. The nozzles allow operation in a continuous mode, with Rf > 0. Tubular and multi-chamber centrifuges operate with... 

The A-starch slurry from the centrifugal decanter is screened and then refined either with hydrocyclones or with separators and decanters. Purification and concentration of A-starch is accomplished in multistage hydrocyclones, or the A-starch slurry is separated into A and B fractions in a nozzle-type centrifuge and the A-starch fraction is finally refined in a centrifugal decanter. The B-starch stream is passed through vibrating screens and concentrated in a decanter. Pentosans and other solubles are concentrated and either dried or co-fermented with the B-starch for ethanol production. 

---