Centrifuge cyclone separator

If an interior centrifugal (cyclone) separator is used, the inlet nozzle size should be the same size as the pipe. If the internal design requires... 

The simplest type of centrifugal device is the cyclone separator (Fig. 3.4), which consists of a vertical cylinder with a conical bottom. The centrifugal force is generated by the fluid motion. The mixture enters in a tangential inlet near the top, and the rotating motion so created develops centrifugal force which throws the particles radially toward the wall. 

The reaction mixture can either be crystallised, centrifuged, and dried, or spray-dried and cyclone-separated to produce a fine crystalline powder having a particle size of 50 p.m. Metal analysis of the AP produced by this method is reported to be less than 0.02 p.g/g. 

Centrifugal Separation Centrifugal force can be utilized to enhance particle collection to several hundredfold that of gravity. The design of cyclone separators for dust removal is treated in detail in Sec. 17 under Gas-Solids Separations, and typical cyclone designs are shown in Fig. 17-43. Dimension ratios for one family of cyclones are given in Fig. 17-36. Cyclones, if carefully designed, can be more efficient on hquids than on solids since liquids coalesce on capture and are easy to drain from the unit. However, some precautions not needed for solid cyclones are necessary to prevent reentrainment. 

Cyclone Separators Finer feed sohds, from 0.04 to 0.0005 m (1.5 in to 28 mesh), may be treated in dynamic separators of the Dutch State Mines cyclone type (Fig. 19-36). In cyclone separators, the medium and the feed enter the separator together tangentially at the feed inlet (1) the short cyhndiical section (2) carries the central vortex finder (3), which prevents short circuiting within the cyclone. Separation is made in the cone-shaped part of the cyclone (4) by the action of centrifugal and centripetal forces. The heavier portion of the feed leaves the cyclone at the apex opening (5), and the hghter portion leaves at the overflow top orifice (6). 

Another high-efficiency unit, the wet cyclonic separator, uses centrifugal force to enhance control efficiency. 

A widely used type of dust-collection equipment is the cyclone separator. A cyclone is essentially a settling chamber in which gravitational acceleration is replaced by centrifugal acceleration. Dust-laden air or gas enters a cylindrical or conical chamber tangentially at one or more points and leaves through a central opening. The dust particles, by virtue of their inertia, tend to move toward the outside separator wall from where they are... 

A cyclone separator is an economical device for removing particulate solids from a fluid system. The induced centrifugal force (see Figure 7-6) is tangentially imparted on the wall of the cyclone cylinder. This force, with the density difference between the fluid and solid, increases the relative settling velocity. 

After the material reaches its destination, the gas and solids must be separated. When this is done in a cyclone separator (see Fig. 8-10) the gas stream enters a large container from the side tangentially. The solids are thrown against the side by centrifugal force, fall under the force of gravity, and exit through the bottom. The gas exits at the top. Again some type of airlock is needed to remove the solids. One... 

The rate of settling of suspended particles in a gas stream may be greatly increased if centrifugal rather than gravitational forces are employed. In the cyclone separator shown... 

If the material to be removed is dust, the self-cleaning bypass filter with automatic blowback constitutes a potential solution, whereas in other instances, cyclone separators should be considered. In the former device (Figure 3.5), the process stream enters tangentially to provide a swirling action, and the cleaned sample is taken near the center. Transportation lag can be kept to less than 1 minute, and the unit is applicable to both gas and liquid samples. This type of centrifuge can also separate streams by gravity into their aqueous and organic constituents. 

The mixture of catalyst and cracked-oil vapors passes overhead to cyclone separators for recovery of catalyst. Catalyst thrown to the walls of the cyclones by centrifugal force slides down into the spent-catalyst hopper, while the oil vapors leave through a central outlet pipe and pass to the fractionating tower. The small amount of catalyst powder still present in the oil vapors is recovered in the bottoms from the fractionating tower and can be returned to the reactor, if desired. 

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