Centrifugal separators hydrocyclone

Monitoring the separation efficiency is an important way to evaluate the performance of a given separator. The efficiency concepts described in this section apply not only to animal cell separation, but also to the separation of any particles and bioparticles, such as microorganisms, cellular debris, nuclei, etc. These concepts apply to any separation device whose performance remains constant if the operational conditions do not change. This happens, for instance, in gravity settlers, centrifuges, and hydrocyclones. 

The ability to separate a mixture of two liquid phases is critical to the successful operatiou of mauy chemical aud petrochemical processes. Besides its obvious importauce to liquid-liquid extractiou aud washing operations, liquid-liquid phase separation can be a critical factor in other operations including two-liquid-phase reaction, azeotropic distillation, and industrial wastewater treatment. Sometimes the required phase separation can be accomplished within the main process equipment, such as in using an extraction column or a batch-wise, stirred-tank reactor but in many cases a stand-alone separator is used. These include many types of gravity decanters, filter-type coalescers, coalescers filled with granular media, centrifuges, and hydrocyclones. 

Hydrocyclones Liquid-hquid hydrocyclones, like centrifuges, utilize centrifugal force to facilitate the separation of two liquid phases [Hudrocyclones Analysis and Applications, Svarovsky and Thew, eds. (Kluwer, 1992) and Bradley, The Hydrocyclone (Pergamon, 1965)]. Instead of using rotating internals, as in a centrifuge, a hydrocyclone... 

A hydrocyclone is a device employing centrifugal separation without the need for mechanically moving parts, other than a punq). They are cheap, conq)act and versatile as a means of solid-liquid separation. It is similar in operation to a centrifuge, but with much larger values of g -force (ranging from 800 g in a 300 mm diameter cyclone to 50 000 g in a 10 mm diameter cyclone). This force is, however, applied over a much... 

B.5.2.3 Hydrocyclone This device has been widely used in various industries such as pulp and paper and mineral processing. The separation/classification of particles in a hydrocyclone is also based on centrifugal force differences between particles of varying size/density. Unlike the centrifuge, a hydrocyclone is a static device. The principle of cell separation by hydrocyclone is shown in Figure 7B.9. 

Airfloat clay, the type most used in rubber compounds, is dry-ground hydrous kaolin that has been air-separated to reduce impurities and control particle-size distribution. However, some water-washed clay (slurried in water and centrifuged or hydrocycloned to remove impurities) is used, because it contains a lower level of impurities and gives compounds that are more colorable. The water-washed clay also causes less die wear during extrusion. 

Membrane separation processes operate in a continuous manner and so, unlike conventional filtration, the accumulated solids do not form a moist cake but, rather, dense slurry that is discharged like in centrifugation or hydrocyclone separation. This stream of concentrated solids is simply... 

As was stated in the introduction, Stokes diameter jcst is usually used to characterize particle size in those applications where it is the behaviour of particles in liquids that determines the separation efficiency and other operational characteristics of the separators (e.g. in sedimentation, centrifugation and hydrocyclones). Methods that measure Stokes diameter, such as sedimentation or fluid classification, have therefore been used extensively in this field. Although preference is naturally given to wet methods, air classification is also widely used. 

Gibson, K., Large scale tests on sedimenting centrifuges and hydrocyclones for mathematical modelling of efficiency Proc. of the Symposium on Solid—Liquid Separation Practice, Yorkshire Branch of the I. Chem. E., Leeds, England, March 27-29 (1979), pp. 1-10... 

Liquid-liquid separators Centrifugal field - hydrocyclone... 

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