Central nervous system stimulants specific agents

The acute toxic properties of all the organochlorine pesticides in humans are qualitatively similar. These agents interfere with inactivation of the sodium channel in excitable membranes and cause rapid repetitive firing in most neurons. Calcium ion transport is inhibited. These events affect repolarization and enhance the excitability of neurons. The major effect is central nervous system stimulation. With DDT, tremor may be the first manifestation, possibly continuing to convulsions, whereas with the other compounds convulsions often appear as the first sign of intoxication. There is no specific treatment for the acute intoxicated state, and management is symptomatic. 

Dieldrin (1), y-BHC (2) and picrotoxinin (3,A) have been shown to influence the presynaptic events on the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) central nervous system (CNS) and thereby to stimulate excitatory neurotransmitter release. As to the cause for such stimulation, we have proposed that these agents specifically interact with the putative picrotoxinin receptor closely associated with the chloride ionophore in the y-aminobutyric acid-chloride iono-phore complex (designated as the GABA receptor system in this paper) at the presynaptic region, and that such interaction causes inhibition of chloride ion uptake. This uptake is regulated by GABA to modulate the presynaptic membrane potential (4-8). 

Several drugs specifically stimulate the central nervous system whieh are appropriately grouped together as anorexigenic or sympathomimetic agents. 

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