Central nervous system, drugs, transmitters

Catecholamines, 6 (1969) 200 Cell membrane transfer, 14(1977) 1 Central nervous system, drugs, transmitters and peptides, 23 (1986) 91 Centrally acting dopamine D2 receptor agonists, 29 (1992) 185 Chartreusin, 19 (1982) 249 Chelating agents, 20 (1983) 225... 

Each neuron has specific synthetic machinery that enables it to both synthesize and eliminate a specific neurotransmitter. For example, neurons of the sympathetic nervous system employ norepinephrine and epinephrine as their transmitters. Other neurons, particularly in the central nervous system, employ dopamine as their transmitter. Dopamine is a particularly important transmitter for a variety of neuronal functions. Its loss is associated with Parkinson disease, and it is a critical agent in the mediation of pleasure and reward processes. Dopamine, due to its association with pleasurable sensations, is widely implicated in the actions of a number of drugs of abuse, including cocaine, opiates, and methamphetamines. 

Substance P is present in the central nervous system, where it is a neurotransmitter (see Chapter 21 Introduction to the Pharmacology of CNS Drugs), and in the gastrointestinal tract, where it may play a role as a transmitter in the enteric nervous system and as a local hormone (see Chapter 6 Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology). 

Transmission of nervous impulses by way of acetylcholine release and action is widespread, occurring not only in higher animals but also important in arthropods. In higher animals acetylcholine is the most important neurohormonal transmitter. It functions in the autonomic system, in motor nerves, and in some parts of the central nervous system. It functions not only in synapses between neurons but also on muscles or glands that are controlled by the neurons. After its action the acetylcholine is removed rapidly through hydrolysis by the enzyme acetylcholine esterase. Drugs, including some alkaloids, can interact with this process at several levels ... 

Nicotine is a prominent central nervous system stimulant. Primary sites of action of nicotine in the brain are thought to be pre-junctional, causing the release of other neuro-transmitters. Nicotine rewarding properties are related to its ability to increase dopamine in the mesolimbic system, similarly to other drugs of abuse. 

McMahon C, Mitchell AZ, Klein JL et al (2010) Evaluation of blood pressure measurement using a miniature blood pressure transmitter with jacketed external telemetry in Cynomolgus monkeys. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 62 127-135 Misra A, Ganesh S, Shah SP (2003) Drug delivery to the central nervous system a review. J Pharm Pharm Sci 6 252-273... 

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