Cements whisker

More recently, Stanicioiu, Chinta Hartner (1959) attempted to reinforce the cement with glass fibres, but this was not successful. The most serious study on the reinforcement of dental silicate cement was made by J. Aveston (in Wilson et al., 1972). Silicon carbide whiskers, carbon fibres and alumina powder were introduced into the cement mix. Unfortunately, the glass powder/liquid ratio had to be reduced, and the strength gained by reinforcement was thereby lost. It is clear that dental silicate cement cannot be strengthened by fibre or particulate reinforcement. 

Aluminate cement, 2 415-416 Aluminate ions, silica sols and, 22 394s Aluminates, 2 273-279 analysis, 2 275-276 chemical reactions, 2 273-274 dispersants, 8 710t economic aspects, 2 275 health and safety factors, 2 276 manufacture, 2 274-275 physical properties of, 2 273-274 uses of, 2 276-277 Alumina trihydrate (ATH), 2 274 in synthetic fillers, 11 314-315 Alumina whisker reinforcement, 5 574t Alumina xerogels, X-ray diffraction of, 23 78... 

Figure 11.7 Scanning electron microscopy images of marine beachrock and meteoric cayrock cements. (A) Blades of high-magnesium calcite on constituent particles in beachrock. Northeast Sapodilla Cay, southern Belize Barrier Reef. (B) Dissolution cavity is lined with blockyand bladed low-magnesium calcite in cayrock. Cay Bokel, Turneffe Islands, Belize. (C) Low-magnesium calcite needle fibre (whisker) cement in cayrock. Harry Jones Point, Turneffe Islands, Belize.

This reaction describes the formation of self-setting bone cement used ubiquitously in dentistry (Brown and Chow, 1987 Posset et al., 1998). A TEM (transmission electron micrograph) study of the conversion of TTCP to hydroxyapatite whiskers in contact with diammonium hydrogen phosphate solution was provided by Wang, Lin and Ju (2005). 

Qualitatively, the trends observed for cemented components also appear to be applicable to modular acetabular components, evaluated using current computer-assisted wear measurement techniques (Tables 5.2 and 5.3, and Figure 5.11). The box and whisker plots shown in Figure 5.11 compare the linear... 

Based on these excellent performances, aluminum borate whiskers are used not only for thermal insulation material, heat-resistant material, and corrosion-resistant material but also for reinforcing agents in thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin, ceramics, cement, and metal, and are used mainly to reinforce light metal alloy, ceramic material, resin matrix composite, coatings, and so on. 

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