Cellular engineering

Biochemical engineers also have made major contributions to a better understanding of cells, tissues, and organisms. These contributions fall mainly under such categories as metabolic engineering, cellular engineering, and hemodynamics. 

Molecular and cellular engineering to understand and construct cellular and molecular circuits with useful properties (e.g., protein engineering) ... 

One of the main motivations of using synthetic DNA for cellular engineering seems to be at odds with the random nature of directed evolution. Traditionally, PCR-based methods have been used to create sequence diversity, inspired by the fact that mutations in nature commonly arise from errors in DNA replication. PCR-based methods are preferred when there is no prior knowledge about where mutations are likely to influence the traits of interest, but are limited in that the sequence diversity that results is restricted and biased. With single base mutations per codon - a common assumption with most protocols - only 5.7 amino acids are accessible per position on average, and in most cases, the resulting set of amino acids does not accurately represent the spectrum of physicochemical properties of naturally-occurring residues [76]. 

Newgard, C.B. (1992). Cellular engineering for the treatment of metabohc disorders prospects for therapy in diabetes. Bio/Technology 10,1112 1120. 

Bruder, S.P. Caplan, A.I. Bone regeneration through cellular engineering. In Principles of Tissue Engineering, 2nd Ed. Lanza, R.P., Langer, R., Vacanti, J., Eds. Academic Press New York, 2000 683-696. 

The production of energy, its storage, and its use are central to the economy of the cell. Energy may be defined as the ability to do work, a concept applicable to automobile engines and electric power plants in our physical world and to cellular engines in the biological world. The energy associated with chemical bonds can be harnessed to support chemical work and the physical movements of cells. 

Membrane Extension The network of actin filaments at the leading edge (see Figure 19-12) is a type of a cellular engine that pushes the membrane forward by an actin polymerization-based mechanism (Figure 19-27a). The key... 

Basic information about white blood cell biology can be found in the book by Alberts et al. [ 1989]. A more thorough review of white blood cell structure and response to stimulus can be found in two reviews by T.P. Stossel, one entitled, The mechanical response of white blood cells, in the book. Inflammation Basic Principles and Clinical Correlates, editedhy].I. Galin et al. Raven Press, New York, 1988, pp. 325-342, and the second entitled, The molecular basis of white blood cell motility, in the book. The Molecular Basis of Blood Diseases, edited by G. Stamatoyannopoulos et al, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1994, pp. 541-562. The most recent advances in white cell rheology can be found in the book. Cell Mechanics and Cellular Engineering, edited by Van C. Mow et al.. Springer Verlag, New York, 1994. 

Cell Mechanics and Cellular Engineering, Van C. Mow, Guilak, E, Tran-Son-Tay, R., and Hochmuth, R.M., Eds. Springer, New York, 1994 (collection of original papers on the topics close to the scope of the present chapter). 

C. Wilkinson, M. Riehle, M. Wood, J. Gallagher, A. Curtis, The use of materials patterned on a nano- and micro-metric scale in cellular engineering. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 19 (2002) 263-269. 

Park KM, Yang J-A, Jung H, Yeom J, Park JS, Park K-H, Hoffman AS, Hahn SK, Kim K (2012) In situ supramolecular assembly and modular modification of hyaluronic acid hydrogels for 3D cellular engineering. ACS Nano 6 2960-2968. doi 10.1021/nn204123p... 

King MR (ed) (2006) Principles of cellular engineering understanding the biomolecnlar interface. Academic, San Diego... 

Nerem, R. M. (1991). Cellular engineering. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 19, 529-545. 

Saladnski HJ,Tiwari A, Hamilton G and SeifaUan AM. Cellular engineering of vascular bypass grafts role of chemical coatings for enhancing endothehal cell attachment. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 39 609-618,2001. 

Salacinski HJ, Hamilton G, Seifalian AM. Surface functionalization and grafting of heparin and/or RGD by an aqueous-based process to a poly(carbonate-urea)urethane cardiovascular graft for cellular engineering applications. J Biomed Mater Res 2003 66A(3) 688-97. 

September 1st International Conf. of Cellular Engineering Keele, U.K. 

The AIIMB has two Working Groups, formed since 1983, on "Clinical Engineering" and on "Biomechanics". Recently a new Working Group on "Cellular Engineering" has been formed. 

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