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Cells 134 BEGINNING CHEMISTRY

The lure of new physical phenomena and new patterns of chemical reactivity has driven a tremendous surge in the study of nanoscale materials. This activity spans many areas of chemistry. In the specific field of electrochemistry, much of the activity has focused on several areas (a) electrocatalysis with nanoparticles (NPs) of metals supported on various substrates, for example, fuel-cell catalysts comprising Pt or Ag NPs supported on carbon [1,2], (b) the fundamental electrochemical behavior of NPs of noble metals, for example, quantized double-layer charging of thiol-capped Au NPs [3-5], (c) the electrochemical and photoelectrochemical behavior of semiconductor NPs [4, 6-8], and (d) biosensor applications of nanoparticles [9, 10]. These topics have received much attention, and relatively recent reviews of these areas are cited. Considerably less has been reported on the fundamental electrochemical behavior of electroactive NPs that do not fall within these categories. In particular, work is only beginning in the area of the electrochemistry of discrete, electroactive NPs. That is the topic of this review, which discusses the synthesis, interfacial immobilization and electrochemical behavior of electroactive NPs. The review is not intended to be an exhaustive treatment of the area, but rather to give a flavor of the types of systems that have been examined and the types of phenomena that can influence the electrochemical behavior of electroactive NPs. [Pg.169]

For the present, remember the five principles enunciated by Kandel as we explore the chemistry of the nervons system. Since the focal point of this book is the molecules of life, 1 shall have more to say about the signaling molecules that act on and between nerve cells than abont nenral circuits. However, let s begin by identifying some of the mental fnnctions of the brain. [Pg.283]

We now consider procedures that do not involve synthesis (excerpts 3M—30). There are literally hundreds of such procedures in chemistry however, these few excerpts illustrate essential features of how such procedures are generally written. As in syntheses, nonsynthetic procedures begin with a descriptive subheading following the subheading, the procedure is described in concise, complete sentences, including only those details needed by an expert audience. Such details are often quantitative in nature (e.g., the number of cells to plate). Information that is largely for students (e.g., zero the balance ) or available elsewhere (e.g., instructions from an operator s manual) is omitted. [Pg.84]

As stated above, the adhesion process begins with a chemical (not necessarily covalent) bonding followed by the adjustment of the cell shape to the substrate, hi the design of an ideal scaffold, therefore, the two aspects that must be considered are the chemistry of the attachment and the conformation of the scaffold. [Pg.154]


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Cell Chemistry

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