Cell signaling, reactive nitrogen species

The in vivo nitration of tyrosine by peroxynitrite and other reactive nitrogen species is implicated in many disease states and is an area of active research (40). It has recently been proposed that tyrosine nitration, mediated by nitric oxide and superoxide, is a regulated cell signaling pathway that provides quick response to the microenvironment of the cell (41 3). 

Latterly, much interest has focussed on redox cell signalling, which involves the post-translational modification of signal transduction proteins by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Therefore, the purpose of this review is twofold firstly, to review the nature of reaction of biologically relevant oxidants and secondly, yet most importantly, to consolidate our knowledge of the chemical modifications to biomolecules. 

Forman, H. J., J. M. Fukuto, T. Miller et al. 2008. The chemistry of cell signaling by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and 4-hydroxynonenal. 477... 

---