Cell encapsulation molecular

Phagocytosis and encapsulation, in which pathogens are sequestered within several layers of cells, are the predominant cellular immune responses. Genetic and molecular studies have shown that bacterial products are recognized24 and transduced by host cells25 26 by similar pattern recognition receptors and signal transduction pathways in both vertebrates and invertebrates. 

Molecular mechanism of ion transport across membrane Cells are enclosed by a membrane of about 70 A thickness and composed of double layers of protein separated by lipids. Cation cannot pass through the lipid layer without encapsulation and thus the enclosed cation presents an organic, lipid soluble surface to the membrane. 

Containment Behind a Barrier Cells can be immobilized within micro-capsules that have either a permanent or nonpermanent semipermeable membrane. The advantage of encapsulation techniques is the large surface area for contact of substrate and cells. The semipermeable membrane also selectively passes only low-molecular weight components. 

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