Cavitands calixarene derivatives

Several reviews appeared in recent years, which covered in part the use of calixarene derivatives as non-viral vectors for gene transfection. Mellet and Fernandez summarized preorganized macromolecular systems such as cyclodex-trins, fullerenes and cavitands which self-assemble into transfections nanoparticles... 

In certain cases, cosan derivatives were used to improve the distribution ratios. In particular, it was interesting to know if linking a calixarene and cosan could lead to a synergistic effect in comparison to a mixture of these compounds. For the first time, very sophisticated synthesis led to mixed compounds with cosan linked to the wide rim or narrow rim of calixarenes or cavitands, Cosl and Cos2, precursors of new extractants.18... 

Only few investigations have been published on the gas-phase ion chemistry of host-guest complexes of calixarenes. With the advent of ESI mass spectrometry, especially when combined with ion-trap and FT-ICR mass spectrometry, this field has started to be developed. Binding selectivities of alkali metal ions to cahxarene-based crown ethers and open-chain ethers have been studied , the inclusion of neutral guests into the protonated resorcarene-based cavitand hosts by gas-phase ion-molecule reactions with amines have been studied and the formation of capsules from various calixarene tetraether derivatives and alkylammonium ions as ionic guests (notably enabling their detection by mass spectrometry) have been described recently . ... 

Phosphonito (5.390a), phosphinito (5.390b) and phosphonate (5.390c) calixarene-[4] derivatives and other P-containing cavitands have been prepared [190-195]. Some of these compounds are useful as catalysts and others are possible metal extractants [196]. 

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