Cationization Mass Spectrometry for Condensed-Phase Samples

Cationization Mass Spectrometry for Condensed-Phase Samples 

Soft ionization can be achieved in the gas phase, from the liquid phase, or from the solid phase. Gas-phase cationization techniques have been discussed in previous chapters, especially in Chaps. 5 and 6. Typical examples of liquid-phase ionization techniques are thermospray ionization (TSI) and electrospray ionization (ESI), which are especially important in combining liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS). A wide variety of solid-phase ionization or desorp-tion/ionization techniques have been developed over the years, including field 

Fuji (ed.), lon/Molecule Attachment Reactions Mass Spectrometry, 

A wide variety of soft ionization methods is available, some of which are extensively used such ESI and MALDI, while some others are only applied for specific applications such as FDI and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Some of the older techniques can be considered to be outdated and obsolete such as TSI, Cf plasma desorption ionization (PDI), and FAB, because more powerful and/or more user-friendly alternatives have been developed. The various condensed-phase ionization techniques are briefly discussed in this section. The use of metal-ion cationization in chemical and desorption ionization was already reviewed in 1992 [3]. 

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