Catalytic Reactions in Supercritical Fluids

Jason Hyde, Walter Leitner and Martyn Poliakoff  

---

Hyde, J.R. and Licence, P. and Carter, D. and Poliakoff, M. (2001). Continuous catalytic reactions in supercritical fluids. Applied Catalysis A General. 222. 119-131. 

Heterogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation reactions can be run in batch, semibatch, or continous reactors. Our catalytic studies, which were carried out in liquid, near-critical, or supercritical C02 and/or propane mixtures, were run continuously in oil-heated (200 °C, 20.0 MPa) or electrically heated flow reactors (400 °C, 40.0 MPa) using supported precious-metal fixed-bed catalysts. The laboratory-scale apparatus for catalytic reactions in supercritical fluids is shown in Figure 14.2. This laboratory-scale apparatus can perform in situ countercurrent extraction prior to the hydrogenation step in order to purify the raw materials employed in our experiments. Typically, the following reaction conditions were used in our supercritical fluid hydrogenation experiments catalyst volume, 2-30 mL total pressure, 2.5-20.0 MPa reactor temperature, 40-190 °C carbon dioxide flow, 50-200 L/h ... 

Figure 14.2. Laboratory-scale apparatus for catalytic reactions in supercritical fluids in combination with countercurrent extraction.

Hyde, J. Leitner, W. Poliakoff, M. Catalytic Reactions in Supercritical Fluids. In High Pressure Chemistry. Synthetic, Mechanistic and... 

Hyde, J. Licence, P. Carter, D. Poliakoff, M. (2001) Continuous Catalytic Reactions in Supercritical Fluids. Appl. Catal., A. Vol.222, No.1-2, pp.119-131 Jin, S. Kang, C Yoon, K Bang, D. Park, Y. (2009) Elect of compatibilizer on morphology, thermal, and rheological properties of polypropylene/functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite. /. Ayyl. Polym. Set. Vol.lll, No.2, pp.1028-1033 Joen, H Jung, H Lee, S. Hudson, S. (1998) Morphology of polymer/Silicate Nanocomposites Hieh Density Polyethylene and a Nitrile Copolymer. Polym. Bull. Vol.41, No.l, pp.107-111... 

Homogeneous reactions carried out in supercritical fluids can be either catalytic or non-cat-alytic. The objective of carrying out both catalytic and non-catalytic reactions in supercritical fluids is to increase the overall rate of the reaction by eliminating the inter-phase transport effects. 

---