Catalysts procurement activity

The authors optimised conditions for the general reaction of 1,1-diphenylethylene and piperidine (Scheme 9.5). They obtained the highest TOF (288 h" ) and all linear product for this specific reaction when using complex 31 and 5 1 H iCO at 125°C for 24 h. An important note here is that the sterics of the substrate, 1,1-diarylethyl-enes, are responsible for generation of only linear products instead of the catalyst. With a one-pot method, the authors procured the active pharmaceuticals prozapine, fendilline, milverine, and diisopromine in 85%, 91%, 35% and 88% yield, respectively. The catalyst activities compare well to the established Rh-Xantphos system [33]. 

The aromatic ring is the third type of unsaturated structure, the hydrogenation of which we need to consider. Although it is possible for its hydrogen atoms to be substituted for deuterium, the possible products of the reduction of benzene are effectively but two in number, viz. cyclohexene and cyclohexane somewhat special conditions of catalyst type and reaction conditions are needed to procure the former, so that commonly cyclohexane is the only product observed. In comparison with say the reactions of the butenes or ethyne, the hydrogenation of benzene is simplicity itself, and for this reason it has been the choice of many who have wished for a quick and easy way of assessing the activity of a catalyst. Very simple analytical techniques are all that one needs, and this helps to explain the attractiveness of this class of reaction before the advent of gas-chromatography. 

Ensuring smooth process plant operations by quality/analysis checks at every stage of manufacture, e.g. analysis of raw materials at the time of procurement, progress of reaction, activity of catalysts, refinement of crude products into acceptable grade by controls on flow, temperature, and concentration. Reducing equipment breakdowns by better process control and timely alarms for abnormal situations. 

Platinum catalyst is used for production of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in an Eastern European Pharmaceutical Company (henceforth referred as company ). Used catalyst is sent back to supplier who recovers platinum and uses it for production of fresh catalysts. During that cycle certain quantity of catalyst evanesces and new quantity has to be purchased periodically to maintain required level of inventory. The catalyst is expensive because of platinum and the related cost of capital for required catalyst inventory is significant. A task team led by a Six Sigma Black Belt was formed to reduce the cycle time of procuring the platinum catalyst. 

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