Catalyst Case Studies

It is the purpose of this Section to review some of the more significant recent papers on catalyst preparation particularly with regard to some of 

Harrison, J. Heffer, and F. King, Preprints 7th Int. Congr. on Catalysis, B2 Tokyo, 1980. 

Hoekstra, and R. J. Farrauto, Thermal Stability of Copper Chromite Auto Exhaust Catalyst , Am. Cer. Soc. Annual Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, April 29, 1974. 

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Pietrzyk, P., Gil, B. and Sojka, Z. (2007) Combining computational and in situ spectroscopies joint with molecular modeling for determination of reaction intermediates of deNOx process -CuZSM-5 catalyst case study, Catal. Today. doi 10.1016/j.cattod.2006.09.033. 

Partial Oxidation of ra-Butane to Maleic Anhydride Using SiC-Mixed and Pd-Modified Vanadyl Pyrophosphate (VPO) Catalysts (Case study)... 

Table 1. Bulk Cobalt Catalyst Case Study -Run summary ofthe effect ofH20 for an unsupported cobalt catalyst [2], T = 200°C, space velocity = 3600 scm /gcat hr on the basis of H2 and CO only, feed composition = 63.1% H2, 33.0% CO, 3.9% N2, H2/CO = 1.9.

Table 2. Co/silica Catalyst Case Study - Run summary of the effect of H2O for a silica-supported 12.7% cobalt catalyst [5]. Ptot = 19.7 atm, T = 200°C, space velocity = 3096 scm /gcat hr (changing with H2O addition ), feed composition = 62% H2,31% CO, 7% N2, H2/CO = 2.0.

Skeletal IR characterisation of oxidation catalysts case studies... 

Using the operating data from the case study. Example 5-5 shows heat balance calculations around the stripper-regenerator. The results are used to determine the catalyst circulation rate and the delta coke. Delta coke is the difference between coke on the spent catalyst and coke on the regenerated catalyst. 

Moreover, these studies were carried out to very high conversions (99.9%) even when no catalyst was added. Evaporation of reactants (at least 0.1% of initial quantity) cannot be avoided, particularly in the case studied by Lin since the reaction temperature was 15 °C below the boiling point of the diol. Consequently, errors in experimental data obtained by Lin for the ultimate stages of the reaction can be as high as 50 to 100%. 

Single Site Catalyst for Partial Oxidation Reaction TS-1 Case Study... 

When the same [NiI (NHC)2] complexes are employed as alkene dimerisation catalysts in ionic liquid (IL) solvent [l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, AICI3, A-methylpyrrole (0.45 0.55 0.1)] rather than toluene, the catalysts were found to be highly active, with no evidence of decomposition. Furthermore, product distributions for each of the catalyst systems studied was surprisingly similar, indicating a common active species may have been formed in each case. It was proposed that reductive elimination of the NHC-Ni did indeed occur, as outlined in Scheme 13.8, however, the IL solvent oxidatively adds to the Ni(0) thus formed to yield a new Ni-NHC complex, 15, stabilised by the IL solvent, and able to effectively catalyse the dimerisation process (Scheme 13.9) [25-27],... 

In the present chapter, we focus on the catalyst nature in solution using well-defined metal NPs as catal 4 ic precursors it means, soluble (or dispersible) heterogeneous pre-catalysts, as stated by Finke [6]. Some experiments described in the literature concerning the distinction between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts are discussed (see Section 3), followed by a particular case studied by us with regard to the catalyst nature in the allylic alkylation reaction, using preformed palladium NPs as catalytic precursors (see Section 4). 

A lot of research has been published on hydroformylation of alkenes, but the vast majority of the effort has been focused on the chemistry of various metal-ligand systems. Quantitative kinetic studies including modeling of rates and selectivities are much more scarce. In this work, we present the approach to modeling of hydroformylation kinetics and gas-solubility. Hydroformylation of 1-butene with a rhodium-based catalyst was selected as a case study. 

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