Catalysis, heterogeneous temperature-programmed desorption

An interesting further development in describing the kinetics of heterogeneously catalyzed reactions is the so-called microkinetics approach, whereby independent information about adsorbed species from temperature programmed desorption and spectroscopic studies are used to predetermine rate and equilibrium constants of elementary processes, thus enabling the prediction of the overall rate. Especially for metal catalyzed reactions this gives good results [9]. More information about reaction kinetics related to catalysis can be found in Refs. [10-13]. 

Furthermore, with the advent of improved instriunentation and experimental techniques interesting in-situ investigations became possible which were related, for instance, to the synthesis of and heterogeneous catalysis on zeofites, catalyst deactivation, diffusion or solid-state ion exchange as well as other postsynthesis modifications. Combinations of IR spectroscopy with various characterization techniques such as, e.g., temperature-programmed desorption of probe molecules (TPD/IR, cf.[223,224]), electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR/IR, cf.[225,226]), UV-Vis spectroscopy [227,228], etc. were developed. 

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