Catalysis biocatalysis

In this book, my main objective is to present an overview on catalysis, so that both the student and the experienced practitioner can see the broad picmre. It was the intention to compile a text of about 500 pages surveying the whole area of catalysis, that means homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, biocatalysis and special topics of apphed catalysis. It is felt that sufficient information is given here for a rational approach to be applied in a basic understanding of the phenomenon catalysis. 

Lectures 20 + 21 catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, homogeneous catalysis, phase transfer catalysis, biocatalysis... 

The discovery and investigation of novel and efficient cata-lysts/pathways for the conversion of biomass into chemicals are among the big challenges facing heterogeneous catalysis/ biocatalysis. 

Catalysis Biocatalysis Chiral pool Classical Resolution Chromato- graphy... 

Enzyme Catalysis. Biocatalysis is extremely sensitive to microenvironmental effects, and subtle changes in the structural, conformational, and electronic makeup of the enzyme are well known to result in extreme variations in catalysis rates. The catalysis experiments not only reveal structural integrity but more so persuasively the conformational integrity as well. 

In addition to transition-metal catalysis, biocatalysis and organocatalysis are very important aspects of stereoselective catalysis. Recently, dual catalysis, involving combinations of several types of catalysis, for example, transition-metal catalysis and biocatalysis, has become of interest. Multicomponent and domino reactions are desirable because of the often high atom economy and efficiency. All these aspects have been pursued within the Heidelberg Collaborative Research Network (Sonderforschungsbereich, SFB 623), though most of the effort has been devoted to transition-metal catalysis. 

The value of a catalytic enantioselective transformation is measured by its capability to produce each of the two possible stereoisomers with high ee values. This aim is easily reachable if both enantiomers of the catalysts are accessible. To this regard, with respect to other kinds of catalysis, biocatalysis suffers from the lack... 

Abstract This chapter discusses nanocomposite membranes in relation to their use in membrane re actors. The concept of hybrid nanocomposites is explained, along with the advantages of using them as a challenging alternative to the organic and inorganic systems that are most frequently used. The chapter further analyses fabrication techniques and characterization methods, based on structure-property relationships. Finally, several important applications of nanocomposite membranes are discussed, in the fields of catalysis, biocatalysis and energy. 

Key words nanocomposite, nanoparticles, fillers, polymers, carbon nanotubes, zeolites, membrane reactors, hybrid structures, mixed matrices, gas separation, catalysis, biocatalysis, fuel cells, energy. 

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