Case series approach

Much like the experience with IV thrombolysis, the majority of the early work in lAT has been reported in nonrandomized case series. Reports of successful lAT go back to the late 1950s, when Sussmann and Fitch described the recanalization of an acutely occluded ICA with an intra-arterial injection of plasmin. Nonetheless, it was not until the early 1990s that this approach was studied in a more systematic manner. 

An open-label case series described a significant reduction in OC and depressive symptoms during long-term treatment with the DA receptor agonist bromocriptine [12.5-30 mg/day] in three of four adults with OCD and comorbid depression [Ceccherini-Nelli and Guazzelli 1994]. Controlled studies of bromocriptine in OCD are needed to determine the efficacy of this approach. 

Pinto OC, Akiskal HS. Lamotrigine as a promising approach to borderline personality an open case series without concurrent DSM-IV major mood disorder. J Affect Disord 1998 51 333-343. Links PS, Steiner M, Boiageo BA, etal. Lithium therapy for borderline patients preliminary findings. J Pers Disord 1990 4 173-181. 

As in the case of ideal gases, ideal liquid solutions do not exist. Actually, the only solutions which approach ideal solution behavior are gas mixtures at low pressures. Liquid mixtures of components of the same homologous series approach ideal-solution behavior only at low pressures. However, studies of the phase behavior of ideal solutions help us understand the behavior of real solutions. 

The discipline of chemometrics can play an important role in the effective application of infrared imaging to agri-food materials. In a univariate approach, a researcher extracts a specific observable (e.g. frequency or band height) from a set of spectra as a series of scalar quantities. The process is then repeated for additional observables. In many cases, this approach is sufficient to meet the researcher s needs.49 However, the task of extracting the most useful information possible from an infrared image dataset, which may contain thousands of spectra measured at hundreds or even thousands of individual frequencies, often requires a different strategy. It simply may not be possible for the researcher to manually examine and extract information from each of these spectra. The researcher may, therefore, choose to employ a chemometric method instead. Chemometric methods can reduce a large dataset... 

An increase in the number n of tube rows in series approaches the case of pure crossflow, in which the temperatures of both fluids change in x and y or rather the dimensionless coordinates x+ and y+, from (1.121), cf. Fig. 1.23. The heat transferred, through a surface element of dimensions... 

Behavioural modification is a potential non-pharmacological treatment strategy. A psychological approach presumes some psychogenic component to the symptom and most evidence for its efficacy has come from case series reported in the paediatric literature (Gay et al. 1987). 

Thus, in the case of solid solutions of sp Iqrbrid binary compoimds, Vegard s law applies to the average values of the bond lengths d, whereas d and d2 remain independent of the composition of the solid solution. The ideal lattice model with a random distribution of atoms over the sites is strictly applicable to solid solutions only if the values of d and d2 are similar, which implies that it is limited to solid solutions consisting of members of Goldschmidt s iso-electronic series, or members of groups of compounds classified in [9,10]. In all other cases, this approach is only very approximate. 

The current treatment of BD is based on the site and severity of disease. There have been very few randomized controlled trials in BD, and the approach to therapy has largely been based on small prospective open-label trials and retrospective case series. There are limited data on the specific treatment of pulmonary involvement in BD and the therapeutic approach has largely been based on patients who have multiple manifestations or other severe vascular features. 

Unlike most proteins, where precise control of the caging reaction is difficult to achieve, chemically synthesized peptides can be caged relatively easily at specific amino acids.In one case, this approach was used to generate photoactivatable ribonuclease S. This enzyme is composed of two units S-peptide (Residues 1 to 20) and S-protein (Residues 21 to 124). A series of S-peptides carrying a 2-nitrobenzyl caging group on either Asp, Glu, Gin, or Lys side chains was prepared by chemical synthesis and chimeric RNAse S variants composed of these caged peptides assembled. In one case, a complete inactivation of RNAse S was achieved with 37% activity recovered upon illumination. 

Because the characteristic of tubular reactors approximates plug-flow, they are used if careful control of residence time is important, as in the case where there are multiple reactions in series. High surface area to volume ratios are possible, which is an advantage if high rates of heat transfer are required. It is sometimes possible to approach isothermal conditions or a predetermined temperature profile by careful design of the heat transfer arrangements. 

A series of monographs and correlation tables exist for the interpretation of vibrational spectra [52-55]. However, the relationship of frequency characteristics and structural features is rather complicated and the number of known correlations between IR spectra and structures is very large. In many cases, it is almost impossible to analyze a molecular structure without the aid of computational techniques. Existing approaches are mainly based on the interpretation of vibrational spectra by mathematical models, rule sets, and decision trees or fuzzy logic approaches. 

In some cases the atomic charges are chosen to reproduce thermodynamic properties calculated using a molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo simulation. A series of simulations is performed and the charge model is modified until satisfactory agreement with experiment is obtained. This approach can be quite powerful despite its apparent simplicity, but it is only really practical for small molecules or simple models. 

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