Case histories organic oxidation

Case histories for the deactivation of commercial Hopcalite and chhromia/alumina catalysts in the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (V0C) are presented. Feeds of pure hydrocarbons, chloro-carbons, and mixtures of the two are considered. Both fixed- and fluid-bed configurations have been studied. Deactivation with mixed feeds is a severe test of V0C catalyst capabilities. There seems here no clear distinction between between the type of reactor, but significant differences between activity and selectivity do exist. A simple model for predicting fixed-bed operation is presented. 

The types of corrosion (i.e., the morphology of attack and the oxidation process) that can be encountered in organic liquids are the same as those observed in aqueous solutions. The solution chemistry and solution electrochemistry may be different, but the types of fundamental corrosion processes that occur remain the same. An excellent review of examples of corrosion in various organic solutions can be found in the work of Heitz [2]. In addition to a review of the fundamental principles involved, Heitz critically evaluates the literature published before 1973 and describes a number of industrial case histories of component failures due to... 

The history of organic radical ions is intertwined with the history of quinhy-drones , molecular aggregates between substrates that are readily oxidized and compounds that are readily reduced. In the absence of modem analytical methods, particularly magnetic resonance techniques, it was often difficult to ascertain whether one was dealing with a homogeneous radical ion salt, such as Wurster s Blue, or with a quinhydrone, such as the prototypical complex formed between benzoquinone and benzohydroquinone. Indeed, in several cases radical ions were mistaken for molecular complexes [54,55]. Furthermore, there are instances where a free radical ion and a molecular complex have a similar appearance, at least subjectively, so that it is not clear which of the two species was observed originally. 

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