CARS coherent anti-Stokes Raman microscopy

Pastirk, I., DelaCruz, J. M., Walowicz, K. A., Lozovoy, V. V., andDantus, M. 2003. Selective two-photon microscopy with shaped femtosecond pulses. Opt. Exp. 11(14) 1695-1701. Potma, E. O., Evans, C. L., and Xie, X. S. 2006. Heterodyne coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) imaging. Opt. Lett. 31(2) 241M 3. 

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is an emerging technology. By tuning a pump laser and a Stokes laser to a Raman-active molecular vibration, molecular selectivity and faster measurement speed can be obtained. This approach has been used to track the phase segregation, crystallisation and dissolution of paclitaxel from biocompatible excipients and films providing kinetic data not achievable through standard Raman microscopy methods [56]. 

Potma, E.O., Xie, X.S. Detection of single lipid bilayers with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. J. Raman Spectrosc. 34, 642-650 (2003)... 

Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Spectroscopy/Microscopy... 

This chapter is focused on coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy as NLO imaging techniques. It reviews design and application of CARS microscopy and its combination with other NLO techniques. Advantages, challenges, and recent developments are discussed in order to demonstrate the potential for clinical applications. 

Gachet, D., Billard, E, Sandeau, N., and Rigneault, H. (2007) Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) microscopy imaging at interfaces evidence of interference effects. Opt. Express, 15, 10408-10420. 

---