Carotid intervention, patient surgical risk

Apart from surgical and interventional therapy of occlusive carotid artery disease, the major approach to preventing vascular disease and subsequent stroke is to pay close attention to the control of modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. Coumadin, an anticoagulant, is effective for the primary and secondary prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Aspirin, clopidogrel, and the combination of aspirin and cUpyridamole have been proven to be effective for secondary stroke prevention along with the antihypertensive combination of indap-amide and perindopril. 

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