Carotenoids time-resolved spectroscopy

Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy. Two reviews deal with resonance Raman spectroscopy of carotenoid-containing biomolecules and micro-organisms152 and of carotenoids and chlorophylls in photosynthetic bacteria.153 The resonance Raman excitation profile of lycopene in acetone has been determined.154 Calculations previously used for (3-carotene do not explain the lycopene data. Several papers report detailed studies of the time-resolved resonance Raman spectra of... 

Conn PF, Haley J, Lambert CR, Truscott TG and Parker AW (1993) Time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy of carotenoids in triton X-100 micellar solution. J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 89 1753-1757... 

Vibrational spectroscopy of the electronically excited state pulse radiolysis/time-resolved resonance Raman study of the triplet y3-carotene. J Am Chem Soc 101 1355-1357 De Paula JC, Ghanotakis DF, Bowlby NR, Dekker JP, Yocum CF and Babcock GT (1990) Chlorophyll-protein interactions in Photosystem II. Resonance Raman spectroscopy of the D1 D2-cytochrome b559 complex and the 47 kDa protein. In Baltscheffsky M (ed) Current Research in Photosynthesis, pp 643-646, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht Frank HA and Cogdell RJ (1993) Photochemistry and functions of carotenoids in Photosynthesis. In Young A and Britton G (eds) Carotenoids in Photosynthesis, pp 252-326. Chapman Hall, London... 

The photochemistry of a molecular triad consisting of a porphyrin covalently linked to a carotenoid polyene and a fullerene derivative has been studied at 20 K by time-resolved EMR spectroscopy following laser excitation (Carbonera et al., 1998). Excitation of the porphyrin yields a coupled radical pair with a carotenoid cation and a C o anion. The exchange interation in the pair has been determined to approx. 

Koyama Y and Mukai Y (1993) Excited states of retinoids, carotenoids and chlorophylls as revealed by time-resolved, electronic absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopy. In ... 

Lutz M, Kleo J and Reiss-Husson F (1976) Resonance Raman scattering of bacteriochlorophyll, bacteriopheophytin and spheroidene in reaction centers of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 69 711-717 Lutz M, Chinsky L and Turpin PY (1982) Triplet states of carotenoids bound to reaction centers ofphotosynthetic bacteria Time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy. Photochem Photobiol 36 503-515... 

While the majority of the studies of carotenoid radicals have been based on monitoring the strong near infrared absorption bands, other techniques, including time resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy (Jeevarajan et al., 1996), FTIR spectroscopy (Noguchi et al, 1994), EPR (Grant et al., 1988), ENDOR (Piekarasady et al., 1995), and cyclic voltametry (Grant et al, 1988) have also been used. 

Tinkler JH, Tavender SM, Parker AW McGarvey DJ, Mukoy L and Truscott TG (1996) Investigation of carotenoid radical cations and triplet states by laser flash photolysis and time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy Observation of... 

The principles, scope and limitations of Raman spectroscopy and its application in the carotenoid field has been discussed [134], Time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy provides useful information on carotenoids in the excited state [135]. Differences between the resonance Raman spectra of a neutral carotenoid and its cation radical provide structural information on the cation radical. 

Conn, P. R, Haley, J., Lambert, C. R., Truscott, T. G. (1993). Time-resolved resonance ra-man spectroscopy of carotenoids in Triton X-100 micellar solution, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 89 1753. 

Time-resolved resonance Raman spectrometry is a technique that allows collection of Raman spectra of excited state moleeules. It has been used to study intermediates in enzyme reactions, the spectra of carotenoid excited states, ultrafast electron transfer steps, and a variety of other biological and bioinorganic processes. Time-discrimination methods have been used to overcome a major limitation of resonance Raman spectroscopy, namely, fluorescence interference either by the analyte itself or by other species present in the sample. 

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